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Las tensiones y los daños de la corteza evolucionan a lo largo del ciclo sísmico de la zona de falla de Ridgecrest
Jared Bryan1, William B Frank1, Pascal Audet2
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2025
Resumen
Las zonas de ruptura de terremotos muestran caídas profundas persistentes, lo que indica daños acumulados o deformación permanente. Este hallazgo tiene un impacto en la comprensión de la dinámica del ciclo sísmico y la evolución de la zona de falla.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Sismología
- Tectonología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los terremotos liberan estrés tectónico construido con el tiempo a través de fallas y evolución de la corteza.
- Las velocidades de las ondas sísmicas monitorean la deformación y el estrés de la corteza, pero los métodos tradicionales carecen de sensibilidad a la corteza profunda.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la velocidad de las ondas de la corteza y los cambios de anisotropía durante la secuencia de terremotos de Ridgecrest 2019.
- Comprender los efectos a largo plazo de los eventos sísmicos en las propiedades de la zona de falla.
Principales métodos:
- Funciones de receptor utilizadas para rastrear cambios en la velocidad de las ondas y la anisotropía.
- Datos analizados de la secuencia de terremotos de Ridgecrest de 2019.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron reducciones de la velocidad de las ondas poco profundas que se recuperaron en cuestión de meses.
- Detectamos una caída persistente en la velocidad de las ondas que duró varios años después del terremoto.
- También se observaron cambios de anisotropía en toda la corteza.
Conclusiones:
- La caída persistente de la velocidad de las ondas sugiere daños acumulados por deformación postsísmica o alteración permanente de la zona de falla.
- Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la comprensión del presupuesto energético del ciclo sísmico y la evolución de la zona de falla.
- Se proponen dos escenarios: recuperación intersísmica lenta o deformación permanente de una zona de falla inmadura.
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