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Carga contemporánea de enfermedades cardiovasculares en el embarazo: información de una cohorte de registros

Emily S Lau^1,2, Valentina D'Souza^3,2, Yunong Zhao¹

¹Division of Cardiology (E.S.L., Y.Z., R.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

|October 6, 2025

Resumen

La prevalencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares maternas (ECV) y las complicaciones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el embarazo aumentaron significativamente entre 2001 y 2019. Esto destaca el embarazo como un momento crítico para optimizar la salud cardiovascular.

Palabras clave:

Registros electrónicos de salud embarazo complicaciones del embarazo

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Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina cardiovascular
Salud materna
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

Las complicaciones cardíacas y vasculares son las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad materna.
Las tendencias contemporáneas en las complicaciones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el embarazo requieren una caracterización.
Los registros electrónicos de salud (EHR) pueden rastrear los resultados cardiovasculares en el embarazo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar las tendencias en las comorbilidades cardiovasculares maternas y la prevalencia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV).
Evaluar la incidencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el embarazo a lo largo del tiempo.
Para comparar los factores clínicos asociados con las complicaciones cardiovasculares durante el embarazo.

Principales métodos:

Desarrolló una cohorte de embarazos multiinstitucional basada en el DSE (2001-2019).
Se utilizaron códigos ICD y CPT para identificar los encuentros de embarazo.
Empleó expresiones regulares para extraer la edad gestacional de las notas clínicas.

Principales resultados:

La cohorte incluyó 56.833 embarazos; la prevalencia general de ECV materna fue del 4%, aumentando al 7% para 2019.
La incidencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el embarazo aumentó del 11% en 2001 al 13% en 2019.
Las comorbilidades como la diabetes, la hipertensión y las ECV preexistentes aumentaron significativamente el riesgo de complicaciones.

Conclusiones:

Tanto las comorbilidades cardiovasculares maternas como las complicaciones cardiovasculares relacionadas con el embarazo han aumentado en las últimas dos décadas.
Los hallazgos indican un aumento alarmante en los problemas cardiovasculares relacionados con el embarazo en entornos del mundo real.
El embarazo presenta una oportunidad vital para optimizar la salud cardiovascular.