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Participación de pacientes ancianos en la toma de decisiones médicas y sus factores influyentes: Un estudio

Zijie Xu¹, Yujia Zhou¹, Daniel Yee Tak Fong²

¹School of Nursing, Fudan University, Xuhui 200030 Shanghai, China.

Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)

|October 19, 2025

PropóSito:

Para examinar el grado de participación de los pacientes ancianos en la toma de decisiones médicas e identificar los factores que influyen en dicha participación.

MéTodos:

Se reclutaron 150 participantes adultos mayores entre 2023 y 2024. Los datos sobre la participación de los pacientes en la toma de decisiones médicas, la función preferida, la satisfacción, el apoyo social y las características sociodemográficas se recopilaron mediante cuestionarios de autoinforme. Se emplearon análisis de regresión multifase estructurados para identificar los factores que influyeron en la participación de los pacientes.

Resultados:

La puntuación media de implicación general fue de 0,78 (DE = 0,26). Los participantes ancianos que eran mujeres (β = 0,092, P = 0,029), tenían cónyuges (β = 0,222, P = 0,004) o familiares (β = 0,208, P = 0,030) como cuidadores principales, o estaban jubilados (β = 0,327, P = 0,034), presentaron una implicación general significativamente mayor.

Conclusiones:

Los profesionales de la salud deben priorizar la identificación de aquellas personas que presenten niveles menores de participación en la toma de decisiones médicas y trabajar para eliminar las barreras que impiden su participación activa.

Palabras clave:

Rol de decisión Participación en la toma de decisiones Pacientes ancianos Toma de decisiones médicas

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