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Pérdida de carbono de las turberas inducida por la sequía exacerbada por el aumento de CO2 y el calentamiento

Quan Quan¹, Jian Zhou¹, Paul J Hanson²

¹Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 23, 2025

Resumen

La sequía extrema y el calentamiento amplifican la pérdida de carbono en las turberas. El aumento del dióxido de carbono (eCO2) agrava aún más este efecto, aumentando las retroalimentaciones positivas del carbono al clima.

Área de la Ciencia:

Investigación sobre el cambio climático
Ecología de los ecosistemas
Biogeoquímica

Sus antecedentes:

Los eventos extremos de sequía están aumentando debido al cambio climático.
Los impactos en la dinámica del carbono del ecosistema bajo el calentamiento y el CO2 elevado no se comprenden bien.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los efectos de la sequía extrema en la dinámica del carbono de las turberas en diferentes escenarios de calentamiento y aumento del CO2.
Comprender cómo el calentamiento y el CO2 elevado interactúan para influir en la productividad neta del ecosistema durante la sequía.

Principales métodos:

Se llevó a cabo un experimento de turberas con cinco tratamientos de calentamiento.
Los tratamientos incluyeron condiciones de CO2 ambiente (aCO2) y CO2 elevado (eCO2).
Se impuso un evento de sequía extrema de 2 meses en 2021.

Principales resultados:

La sequía extrema redujo significativamente la productividad neta del ecosistema (NEP) tanto en aCO2 como en eCO2.
El calentamiento exacerbó la reducción de NEP durante la sequía, particularmente bajo eCO2.
La disminución del nivel freático inducida por el calentamiento y la disponibilidad de sustrato mejorada por CO2 impulsaron la exacerbación.

Conclusiones:

Las condiciones climáticas futuras amplificarán la pérdida de carbono de las turberas durante las sequías extremas.
Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve un ciclo de retroalimentación positivo entre el carbono y el clima, en el que el cambio climático aumenta la liberación de carbono de los ecosistemas.

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