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Efectos colaterales del control de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el panorama de enfermedades infecciosas de los Estados
Tobias S Brett1, Pejman Rohani1,2,3
1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 30, 2025
Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 interrumpió significativamente la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas a través del aire. Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) tuvieron un menor impacto, con tendencias prepandémicas potencialmente reducidas por la pandemia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología
- Dinámica de las enfermedades infecciosas
- Vigilancia de la salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los efectos indirectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en otras enfermedades infecciosas aún no se comprenden por completo.
- Existen preocupaciones con respecto a los posibles déficits inmunológicos debido a la exposición reducida a patógenos comunes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar los impactos indirectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas.
- Investigar el papel de los mecanismos de transmisión de patógenos en las perturbaciones relacionadas con las pandemias.
- Para explorar el potencial de los déficits inmunes por la exposición reducida a patógenos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó los datos de vigilancia de enfermedades de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC) de los Estados Unidos.
- Análisis de agrupación empleado en datos de series temporales de la era pandémica para agrupar patógenos por transmisión.
- Modelado de series temporales estructurales bayesianas aplicadas para el análisis contrafactual.
Principales resultados:
- Las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por vía aérea (aerosol) experimentaron la interrupción más significativa en la transmisión.
- Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) mostraron una interrupción menor y transitoria, con tendencias de incidencia prepandémicas potencialmente detenidas.
- Los déficits de notificación de enfermedades se explicaron por propiedades epidemiológicas fundamentales como el intervalo de serie y el número reproductivo.
Conclusiones:
- Las interrupciones relacionadas con la pandemia variaron significativamente según las rutas de transmisión de los patógenos.
- Las características epidemiológicas determinan fundamentalmente el impacto y la duración de las interrupciones de la transmisión de enfermedades.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender plenamente los efectos a largo plazo del sistema inmunológico de la exposición a patógenos alterados.
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