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Los chimpancés son científicos de la naturaleza
Brian Hare1,2,3
1Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 30, 2025
Resumen
Tanto los humanos como los chimpancés pueden actualizar racionalmente sus creencias cuando se les presenta nueva información. Esta capacidad cognitiva compartida destaca las similitudes en el razonamiento de orden superior entre las especies.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias cognitivas
- Psicología Comparada
- La neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender la evolución de las funciones cognitivas complejas como la revisión de creencias es crucial.
- Los estudios comparativos entre humanos y primates no humanos ofrecen información sobre las arquitecturas cognitivas compartidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si los chimpancés poseen la capacidad de revisión de creencias racionales, un aspecto clave de la cognición de orden superior.
- Para comparar los mecanismos de revisión de creencias en humanos y chimpancés.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizando tareas de comportamiento diseñadas para evaluar respuestas a evidencias contradictorias tanto en humanos como en chimpancés.
- El empleo de modelos computacionales para analizar los procesos de toma de decisiones y la actualización de creencias.
Principales resultados:
- Los chimpancés demostraron la capacidad de ajustar racionalmente sus expectativas y acciones basadas en nuevas evidencias contradictorias.
- Los patrones de comportamiento en los chimpancés reflejaban los observados en los humanos sometidos a tareas de revisión de creencias similares.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos sugieren que la capacidad de revisión de creencias racionales no es exclusiva de los humanos y probablemente tiene profundas raíces evolutivas.
- Este rasgo cognitivo compartido subraya el potencial de razonamiento complejo en nuestros parientes vivos más cercanos.
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