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La señalización intestinal al cerebro restringe la ingesta de proteínas durante la recuperación de los estados

Nikolai P Jaschke¹, Joseph R Luchsinger², Zuojia Chen³

¹Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Medicine I & III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, Hamburg, Germany.

|November 5, 2025

Resumen

Los ratones en recuperación restringen sorprendentemente la ingesta de proteínas, evitando aminoácidos específicos como la glutamina, la lisina y la treonina. Este comportamiento adaptativo, impulsado por la detección de amoníaco intestinal, ayuda a prevenir la toxicidad durante la recuperación de la enfermedad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia de la nutrición
Gastroenterología
Fisiología

Sus antecedentes:

La ingesta óptima de nutrientes varía según el estado fisiológico, pero los mecanismos para ajustar los puntos de ajuste de la dieta no están claros.
Comprender la fisiología de la recuperación es crucial para abordar las enfermedades de la recuperación patológica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las bases fisiológicas de las preferencias alimentarias adaptativas durante la recuperación de los estados catabólicos.
Identificar los nutrientes específicos que desencadenan la aversión durante la recuperación y aclarar los mecanismos subyacentes.

Principales métodos:

Patrones de ingesta dietética observados en ratones durante la recuperación de los estados catabólicos.
Se han identificado los aminoácidos clave (glutamina, lisina, treonina) responsables de la aversión a las proteínas.
Investigó el papel de la amoniagenesis intestinal, las células enterocromafinas, los canales TRPA1 y la señalización de la serotonina en la mediación de la anorexia.

Principales resultados:

Los ratones restringieron deliberadamente la ingesta de proteínas, priorizando el suministro calórico durante la recuperación.
La glutamina, la lisina y la treonina se identificaron como necesarias y suficientes para inducir la aversión a las proteínas.
La respuesta de aversión incluye amoniagenesis intestinal, detección dependiente de TRPA1 por parte de las células enterocromafinas y señalización de serotonina al tronco cerebral.

Conclusiones:

Se identificó un nuevo mecanismo de "comportamiento de recuperación", caracterizado por preferencias alimenticias adaptativas.
Este comportamiento está mediado por una vía de señalización intestinal-cerebral desencadenada por la producción de aminoácidos y amoníaco específicos.
Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la comprensión y el tratamiento de las enfermedades asociadas con la disminución de la recuperación y el desarrollo de intervenciones para mejorar la recuperación.

Palabras clave:

Se incluyen los siguientes elementos:Aminoácidos el amoníaco Proteínas alimenticias Eje intestino-cerebro dieta alta en proteínas apalancamiento de las proteínas Recuperación Ciclo de la urea

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