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Análisis Computacional del Rendimiento Térmico de Disipadores de Calor con Estructuras de Espuma
Welteji Iticha1, Tomasz Stręk1
1Institute of Applied Mechanics, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
Resumen
Los disipadores de calor de superficie mínima triplemente periódica (TPMS), especialmente las estructuras de giroid, ofrecen una refrigeración superior para la electrónica. La porosidad óptima para equilibrar el rendimiento y la potencia se encuentra entre 0,5 y 0,7.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de los Materiales
- Ingeniería Mecánica
- Gestión Térmica
Sus antecedentes:
- La transferencia de calor eficiente es fundamental para la electrónica moderna, especialmente con el auge de la inteligencia artificial.
- Los diseños de disipadores de calor tradicionales enfrentan limitaciones para mejorar la gestión térmica.
- La fabricación aditiva permite geometrías complejas como las superficies mínimas triplemente periódicas (TPMS) para aplicaciones avanzadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar comparativamente el rendimiento térmico y el flujo de fluidos de los disipadores de calor TPMS de espuma (giroid y primitivo) con aletas onduladas.
- Evaluar el impacto de la porosidad en el rendimiento del disipador de calor.
- Identificar los niveles de porosidad óptimos para equilibrar la refrigeración y el consumo de energía.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó COMSOL Multiphysics (versión 5.1) con el método de elementos finitos para las simulaciones.
- Se simuló la transferencia de calor por convección, la caída de presión y el número de Nusselt a varias velocidades de fluido.
- Se investigaron disipadores de calor TPMS de espuma de aluminio con una porosidad que oscila entre 0,1 y 0,9.
Principales resultados:
- Un rango de porosidad de 0,5 a 0,7 demostró el mejor equilibrio entre el rendimiento de refrigeración y la potencia de bombeo.
- Las estructuras TPMS de giroid exhibieron una disipación térmica mejorada debido a la alta relación superficie-volumen y la interconexión.
- Los disipadores de calor TPMS de espuma mostraron un rendimiento superior en comparación con los diseños ondulados convencionales.
Conclusiones:
- Los disipadores de calor TPMS de espuma, en particular las estructuras de giroid, son muy eficaces para la gestión térmica avanzada.
- Estos nuevos diseños ofrecen una alternativa prometedora a los disipadores de calor convencionales.
- La optimización de la porosidad es clave para maximizar la eficiencia de los disipadores de calor TPMS.
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