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Patrones de multimorbilidad y fragilidad cognitiva en adultos mayores de 50 años: perspectiva de China
Jiehua Zhu1, Chenxi Ren1, Tingjun Hu1
1Department of Gerontology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in public health
|December 12, 2025
Resumen
La fragilidad cognitiva, definida como deterioro cognitivo con marcha lenta, se asocia con un mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas en adultos chinos mayores de 50 años. El grupo de deterioro cognitivo subjetivo con marcha lenta presenta el mayor riesgo, lo que subraya la necesidad de una atención integrada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología; Neurología; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- No se comprende bien la multimorbilidad subyacente de la fragilidad cognitiva.; La fragilidad cognitiva se caracteriza por deterioro cognitivo y marcha lenta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la fragilidad cognitiva y la multimorbilidad en adultos chinos de 50 años o más.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal que involucró a 1.753 personas chinas no demenciadas de ≥50 años.; Los participantes se clasificaron en grupos según el estado cognitivo y la velocidad de la marcha.; Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron ANOVA, pruebas chi-cuadrado y regresión logística.
Principales resultados:
- La fragilidad cognitiva se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de afecciones crónicas y enfermedades cardiovasculares/cerebrovasculares (CCVD).; Las personas con deterioro cognitivo subjetivo con marcha lenta (SCD-SG) y deterioro cognitivo leve con marcha lenta (MCI-SG) mostraron tasas aumentadas de ≥3 afecciones crónicas y CCVD.; El grupo SCD-SG tuvo un riesgo significativamente mayor de afecciones crónicas de 1-2 y ≥3.
Conclusiones:
- La fragilidad cognitiva en adultos chinos mayores se asocia con un mayor riesgo de múltiples enfermedades crónicas.; El subgrupo SCD-SG presenta un riesgo particularmente alto, lo que subraya la importancia de abordar tanto el declive cognitivo como el físico.; Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de enfoques integrados para manejar la fragilidad cognitiva y la multimorbilidad.
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