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Salud mental autopresentada en adultos nacidos extremadamente prematuros. Un estudio transversal basado en la
Åse Margrethe Reed1, Bente Johanne Vederhus2, Geir Egil Eide1
1The Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
Early human development
|December 12, 2025
Resumen
Los adultos nacidos extremadamente prematuros informan de peores resultados de salud mental, incluyendo ansiedad, depresión y problemas de comportamiento, en comparación con los nacidos a término. Este estudio destaca las disparidades a largo plazo en la salud mental de las personas extremadamente prematuras.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Perinatal
- Psicología del Desarrollo
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El nacimiento extremadamente prematuro (edad gestacional ≤28 semanas o peso al nacer ≤1000 g) es un factor de riesgo significativo de resultados adversos.
- Las secuelas a largo plazo de la salud mental en individuos extremadamente prematuros requieren una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar los resultados de salud mental autopresentados en la edad adulta entre individuos nacidos extremadamente prematuros y aquellos nacidos a término.
- Identificar posibles diferencias en el estado de salud mental a los 34 años.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal basado en la población que incluyó a 32 adultos nacidos extremadamente prematuros y 46 nacidos a término.
- Salud mental evaluada a los 34 años utilizando el cuestionario Adult Self-Report.
- Análisis comparativo de las puntuaciones de salud mental y los factores socioeconómicos entre los grupos.
Principales resultados:
- Los individuos extremadamente prematuros informaron puntuaciones significativamente más altas de síntomas de ansiedad/depresión, comportamiento retraído, quejas somáticas, comportamiento agresivo, problemas internalizantes y problemas totales.
- El grupo extremadamente prematuro exhibió un menor nivel educativo y tasas de empleo.
- Se observaron tasas más altas de discapacidad o desempleo en el grupo extremadamente prematuro.
Conclusiones:
- Nacer extremadamente prematuro o con bajo peso al nacer extremo se asocia con una peor salud mental autopresentada en la edad adulta.
- Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de intervenciones y apoyo específicos para personas extremadamente prematuras.
- Se recomienda una mayor investigación sobre las causas subyacentes para informar las estrategias preventivas.
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