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Abordar las barreras políticas para ampliar los programas de agujas y jeringuillas: un llamado a la acción mundial
Guillaume Fontaine1, Emma Day2, Niklas Luhmann3
1McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, QC, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.
The Lancet. Global health
|December 12, 2025
Resumen
Los programas de agujas y jeringuillas (PAJ) son cruciales para prevenir infecciones en personas que se inyectan drogas. La ampliación de los PAJ a nivel mundial requiere abordar las políticas, el compromiso nacional y la adquisición para mejorar el acceso y los resultados de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Ciencia de la Implementación
- Política Sanitaria
Sus antecedentes:
- Los programas de agujas y jeringuillas (PAJ) son intervenciones probadas y rentables para prevenir la transmisión de virus transmitidos por la sangre en personas que se inyectan drogas.
- La cobertura mundial de los PAJ es críticamente baja, con solo el 2% de los usuarios en países de alta cobertura y muchas naciones de ingresos bajos y medianos carecen de estos servicios esenciales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar barreras y co-diseñar soluciones para ampliar los Programas de Agujas y Jeringuillas (PAJ) a nivel mundial.
- Priorizar estrategias en los ámbitos de la política mundial, la política nacional y la adquisición utilizando la ciencia de la implementación.
Principales métodos:
- Un grupo de trabajo internacional utilizó metodologías de ciencia de la implementación.
- Se priorizaron y co-diseñaron barreras y soluciones en tres dominios clave: política mundial, política nacional y adquisición.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron seis barreras clave y 11 estrategias factibles para ampliar los PAJ.
- Las estrategias se centran en alinear la adquisición con las necesidades de los usuarios, fortalecer las políticas nacionales y mejorar el acceso al mercado para los productos preferidos.
Conclusiones:
- La ampliación de los PAJ es vital para alcanzar los objetivos mundiales de eliminación de enfermedades infecciosas.
- La implementación de las estrategias propuestas es esencial para mejorar los resultados de salud de las personas que se inyectan drogas y aumentar la cobertura mundial de los PAJ.
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