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Caracterización reológica tixo-viscoelastoplástica de moco humano mediante un enfoque de ecuación constitutiva BMP

Michelle Figueroa-Landeta¹, Sarahí L Esponda-Cervantes¹, M Fernanda Reyes-Tenorio¹

¹Facultad de Química - Faculty of Chemistry, Departamento de Ingeniería Química - Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - National Autonomous University of Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México.

Scientific reports

|December 12, 2025

Resumen

El modelo Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP) cuantifica la reología del moco en estados sanos y enfermos, revelando la tixotropía

Área de la Ciencia:

Reología
Ciencia de Biomateriales
Física Médica

Sus antecedentes:

El moco-esputo humano exhibe propiedades reológicas complejas cruciales para la salud respiratoria.
Enfermedades como la fibrosis quística (FQ) y la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) alteran significativamente la reología del esputo.
Comprender estos cambios es vital para el diagnóstico y la eficacia del tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Describir teóricamente las características tixo-viscoelastoplásticas del moco-esputo humano utilizando el modelo reológico avanzado BMP+.
Investigar la interacción entre las respuestas mecánicas y biológicas del moco-esputo en diversos estados de enfermedad.
Predecir el comportamiento reológico en condiciones de flujo complejas como el cizallamiento oscilatorio de gran amplitud (LAOS) y el flujo extensional uniaxial.

Principales métodos:

Aplicación del modelo constitutivo Bautista-Manero-Puig (BMP)+ para analizar la reología del moco-esputo.
Caracterización del comportamiento reológico en flujos de cizallamiento estables e inestables.
Predicciones teóricas para flujos de cizallamiento oscilatorio de gran amplitud (LAOS) y flujo extensional uniaxial.

Principales resultados:

El modelo BMP+ reproduce cuantitativamente el comportamiento reológico del moco-esputo en diferentes condiciones.
La tixotropía impacta significativamente la reología del esputo, encontrándose una relación inversa entre la tensión de fluidización y los parámetros tixotrópicos de BMP+.
Las predicciones para deformaciones extensivas muestran picos aumentados de endurecimiento por deformación, lo que indica una mayor resistencia al flujo durante la expectoración.

Conclusiones:

El modelo BMP+ proporciona un marco sólido para comprender la reología del moco-esputo en la salud y la enfermedad.
Las firmas reológicas, en particular los picos de viscosidad extensiva, pueden servir como biomarcadores potenciales para el estado del paciente y la eficacia del tratamiento.
Este enfoque tiene aplicaciones potenciales en la evaluación de tratamientos para enfermedades respiratorias, incluida la COVID-19.

Palabras clave:

EPOC y COVID-19 Fibrosis quística Viscosidad extensiva Reología del moco-esputo humano Base reológica para el desarrollo de biomarcadores Tixo-viscoelastoplasticidad Tensión de fluencia dependiente del tiempo y viscoelasticidad

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