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Ruminococcus bromii alivia el estreñimiento mediante la degradación de almidón resistente impulsada por pullulanasa y

Rong Li1, Qianqian Yang1, Junqing He1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

NPJ biofilms and microbiomes
|December 13, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Ruminococcus bromii alivia el estreñimiento degradando el almidón resistente, aumentando las bacterias intestinales beneficiosas y los ácidos grasos de cadena corta. Este hallazgo destaca a R. bromii como un objetivo potencial para las terapias contra el estreñimiento.

Palabras clave:
Ruminococcus bromiiestreñimientoalmidón resistentemicrobiota intestinalácidos grasos de cadena cortaterapia probiótica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Microbiología
  • Gastroenterología
  • Vías metabólicas

Sus antecedentes:

  • El estreñimiento es un problema gastrointestinal común relacionado con cambios en la microbiota intestinal.
  • Los objetivos y mecanismos microbianos específicos para el estreñimiento siguen sin estar claros.
  • Se observa que el género Ruminococcus está disminuido en individuos constipados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el papel de las especies de Ruminococcus en el estreñimiento.
  • Identificar los mecanismos microbianos subyacentes al alivio del estreñimiento.
  • Evaluar R. bromii como un posible agente terapéutico para el estreñimiento.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de la composición de la microbiota intestinal en pacientes con estreñimiento.
  • Pruebas de cuatro especies de Ruminococcus (R. bromii, R. torques, R. obeum, R. gnavus) en un modelo de ratón de estreñimiento.
  • Investigación de la actividad enzimática de R. bromii, específicamente su pullulanasa.
  • Evaluación del impacto de la degradación del almidón resistente en la microbiota intestinal y la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta.
  • Realización de un ensayo clínico para validar los hallazgos en humanos.

Principales resultados:

  • Todas las especies de Ruminococcus probadas aliviaron los síntomas de estreñimiento en ratones.
  • R. bromii demostró la eficacia más significativa.
  • La enzima pullulanasa de R. bromii degrada el almidón resistente, aumentando los ácidos grasos de cadena corta.
  • La ingesta de almidón resistente promovió bacterias beneficiosas como Akkermansia y Bifidobacterium.
  • Los ensayos clínicos confirmaron que la eficacia del almidón resistente para el alivio del estreñimiento depende de la abundancia de R. bromii.

Conclusiones:

  • Se identifica R. bromii como un mediador microbiano clave en el alivio del estreñimiento.
  • El mecanismo implica el metabolismo del almidón resistente, lo que conduce a cambios microbianos beneficiosos.
  • R. bromii representa un candidato prometedor para nuevas terapias probióticas o sinbióticas para el estreñimiento.