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Ingeniería subsuperficial mediada por difusión atómica

Xiaolin Tai¹, Yanan Zhou², Shilong Xu³

¹Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.

Nature communications

|December 13, 2025

Resumen

Se logró un control preciso de las capas atómicas subsuperficiales en catalizadores de platino mediante la ingeniería de las vías de difusión atómica. Esta ingeniería subsuperficial mejora la actividad y durabilidad catalíticas para celdas de combustible.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia de Materiales
Ciencia de la Catálisis
Ciencia de Superficies

Sus antecedentes:

La disposición atómica subsuperficial influye críticamente en el rendimiento catalítico al gobernar las reacciones superficiales.
El control preciso de las estructuras subsuperficiales es un desafío debido a las complejas interacciones metal-adsorbato y la accesibilidad limitada.

Objetivo del estudio:

Lograr un control preciso de las capas atómicas subsuperficiales en compuestos intermetálicos a base de platino.
Desarrollar una estrategia racional para el diseño de catalizadores mediante la comprensión de los sitios activos subsuperficiales.

Principales métodos:

Construcción in situ de vías de difusión atómica para la colocación dirigida de átomos heterometálicos.
Ingeniería subsuperficial de precisión atómica para crear estructuras L1₀-PtFe@PtMsub.
Reorganización atómica inducida termodinámicamente, regida por la minimización de la energía superficial y la segregación inducida por adsorbato.

Principales resultados:

Se sintetizaron con éxito L1₀-PtFe@PtMsub (Msub = Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag) con disposiciones atómicas subsuperficiales controladas.
L1₀-PtFe@PtPdsub demostró la estabilización simultánea de efectos de ligando y tensión, superando las limitaciones de la piel de Pt.
El catalizador exhibió alta actividad y durabilidad en celdas de combustible de membrana de intercambio de protones.

Conclusiones:

La ingeniería subsuperficial de precisión atómica ofrece una estrategia racional para diseñar catalizadores avanzados.
La comprensión y el control de los sitios activos subsuperficiales son cruciales para optimizar la catálisis heterogénea.
El catalizador desarrollado L1₀-PtFe@PtPdsub/C muestra una aplicación práctica prometedora en celdas de combustible.

Palabras clave:

ingeniería subsuperficial difusión atómica catalizadores de platino celdas de combustible catálisis heterogénea

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