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Bienestar mental de los adolescentes y apoyo social: estudio de métodos mixtos
Leona Cilar Budler1, Gregor Stiglic1,2, Owen Barr3
1Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
International journal of mental health nursing
|December 15, 2025
Resumen
El bienestar mental de los adolescentes está positivamente relacionado con el apoyo social, pero disminuye con la edad. Las enfermeras tituladas desempeñan un papel clave en la prestación de asesoramiento y apoyo emocional a los adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación sobre la salud mental de los adolescentes
- Psicología y ciencias sociales
- Estudios de salud pública y enfermería.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adolescentes se enfrentan a riesgos significativos de problemas y trastornos de salud mental.
- Los factores personales, interpersonales, comunitarios y ambientales influyen en el bienestar de los adolescentes.
- Las relaciones interpersonales, en particular con familiares y amigos, afectan la vulnerabilidad a los problemas de salud mental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar el bienestar mental de los adolescentes.
- Examinar la correlación entre el bienestar mental de los adolescentes y el apoyo de familiares, amigos, profesores y enfermeras tituladas.
- Explorar el papel del apoyo social en la salud mental de los adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de métodos mixtos que combina datos de encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas.
- Datos cuantitativos recopilados de 2972 adolescentes a través de encuestas.
- Datos cualitativos recopilados a través de entrevistas con adolescentes, padres, profesores, responsables de la toma de decisiones y enfermeras tituladas.
Principales resultados:
- El bienestar mental de los adolescentes mostró una correlación positiva (r=0.624) con el apoyo social.
- Tanto el bienestar mental (r=-0.286) como el apoyo social (r=-0.239) disminuyeron con el aumento de la edad.
- El apoyo percibido de las enfermeras tituladas fue consistente en diferentes edades y géneros
- los datos cualitativos destacaron su importancia para el asesoramiento y el apoyo emocional.
Conclusiones:
- El bienestar mental de los adolescentes está estrechamente ligado al apoyo social y a las relaciones interpersonales.
- Es crucial un enfoque multidimensional del bienestar para los adolescentes.
- Las intervenciones futuras deben priorizar la mejora del apoyo social y el fomento de la colaboración interdisciplinaria para promover la salud mental de los adolescentes.
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