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Interacción social con hembras modula las tácticas de apareamiento de los guppies machos dependientes del contexto
Versara Goberdhan1, Wouter van der Bijl1, Iulia Darolti1,2
1Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada.
Ecology and evolution
|December 15, 2025
Resumen
La experiencia social impacta significativamente los comportamientos de apareamiento de los guppies machos. Los machos expuestos a hembras desarrollaron tácticas más coercitivas, aumentando el éxito de la inseminación, pero sus preferencias centrales de pareja no cambiaron.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Comportamiento animal
- Biología evolutiva
- Selección sexual
Sus antecedentes:
- Tradicionalmente, las hembras son consideradas el sexo más selectivo en el apareamiento.
- La evidencia emergente destaca el papel significativo de la elección de pareja del macho en la selección sexual, incluso sin cuidado parental masculino.
- La experiencia social es crucial para dar forma a cómo los individuos evalúan a los posibles compañeros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la experiencia social influye en las tácticas y preferencias de apareamiento en guppies machos (Poecilia reticulata).
- Determinar si las condiciones de alojamiento (aislamiento vs. grupos mixtos) alteran los comportamientos de apareamiento y la elección de pareja de los guppies machos.
- Comprender la importancia adaptativa de la experiencia social en la configuración de las estrategias de apareamiento masculinas.
Principales métodos:
- Los guppies machos se alojaron en grupos aislados o mixtos.
- Se cuantificaron las tácticas de apareamiento y los repertorios conductuales.
- Se evaluaron las respuestas de los machos a hembras receptivas y no receptivas utilizando pruebas de no elección y elección dicotómica.
Principales resultados:
- Los machos criados en grupos mixtos exhibieron un aumento de comportamientos coercitivos hacia hembras no receptivas.
- Estos machos también mostraron latencias más cortas para iniciar comportamientos sexuales durante las interacciones con hembras no receptivas.
- La fuerza general de la preferencia del macho por el estado de receptividad de la hembra no se vio afectada por la experiencia social.
Conclusiones:
- La experiencia social, particularmente la interacción con hembras, modifica las tácticas de apareamiento de los guppies machos, lo que lleva a comportamientos que pueden mejorar el éxito de la inseminación.
- Si bien las tácticas de apareamiento específicas son adaptables, la preferencia fundamental por la receptividad de las hembras podría estar influenciada por factores ecológicos más amplios.
- Este estudio subraya el papel crítico de la experiencia social en la conducción de variaciones dependientes del contexto en el comportamiento de apareamiento masculino y la selección sexual.
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