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Ejercicio físico y supervivencia en la enfermedad de Parkinson: Un estudio de cohorte
Priscila Rodrigues Gil1, Juliana da Silveira1, Adriano Ferreti Borgatto2
1State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC).
Research quarterly for exercise and sport
|December 15, 2025
Resumen
El ejercicio físico no alteró significativamente la mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Sin embargo, las etapas tempranas de la enfermedad y la edad más joven se asociaron con mejores tasas de supervivencia, especialmente cuando se combinaron con ejercicio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Gerontología
- Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo progresivo.
- Comprender los factores que influyen en la supervivencia en la EP es crucial para la atención y el manejo del paciente.
- El papel del ejercicio físico en el pronóstico de la EP requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto del ejercicio físico en la supervivencia general en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson.
- Identificar predictores sociodemográficos y clínicos de supervivencia en pacientes con EP.
- Analizar la relación entre la etapa de la enfermedad, la edad y la supervivencia en el contexto de la actividad física.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo-prospectivo con dos cohortes (2018 y 2022).
- Comparación entre un grupo de ejercicio físico (PEG) y un grupo de no ejercicio físico (NPEG).
- Se utilizaron el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y el análisis de Kaplan-Meier para evaluar los predictores de supervivencia y las curvas.
Principales resultados:
- No hubo diferencia significativa en las tasas de mortalidad entre PEG y NPEG en general (p=0.120).
- Se observaron tasas de mortalidad significativamente más bajas en etapas tempranas de la enfermedad (p=0.001) y en personas menores de 80 años (p=0.022).
- La interacción entre la edad y la etapa de la enfermedad en el PEG influyó en la supervivencia general en comparación con el NPEG.
Conclusiones:
- El ejercicio físico por sí solo no mostró un impacto significativo en la mortalidad general en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson en este estudio.
- La etapa temprana de la enfermedad y la edad joven son factores pronósticos positivos significativos para la supervivencia en la enfermedad de Parkinson.
- La interacción entre la edad, la etapa de la enfermedad y el ejercicio físico justifica una mayor investigación para optimizar las estrategias de manejo.
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