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Decodificación de la arquitectura de los sistemas vivos

Manlio De Domenico1

  • 1Physics and Astronomy "Galileo Galilei", Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, Padova, Padua, Padova, 35131, ITALY.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
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Los sistemas biológicos evolucionan a través de redes complejas, o circuitarías, que impulsan activamente el cambio y mejoran la adaptabilidad. Estas redes no triviales, favorecidas por su eficiencia, son clave para comprender la innovación y la complejidad biológica.

Palabras clave:
redes biológicasredes complejassistemas complejosevoluciónprocesos de no equilibriosistemas dinámicos no linealesfísica estadística

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva; Biología de sistemas; Física estadística

Sus antecedentes:

  • La lógica de los sistemas vivos puede estar restringida por fuerzas evolutivas, termodinámica, computación y ecología.
  • La implementación biológica se basa en complejas redes regulatorias, metabólicas y de señalización (circuitarías).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar y discutir cómo las circuitarías biológicas impulsan activamente la evolución de la «evolvability».
  • Analizar el papel de las topologías de red no triviales en las transiciones evolutivas.
  • Proponer un marco unificador para modelar la complejidad biológica.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de topologías no triviales en transiciones evolutivas utilizando física estadística y dinámica no lineal.
  • Examen de propiedades de red (interconectividad, plasticidad, interdependencia) a través de la teoría de sistemas dinámicos y la termodinámica de no equilibrio.
  • Modelado de dinámicas evolutivas utilizando la ecuación replicador-mutador dentro de un proceso de no equilibrio variacional restringido.

Principales resultados:

  • Las innovaciones biológicas están ligadas a circuitarías que se desvían de estructuras triviales y equilibrios termodinámicos.
  • Se favorecen las redes dispersas, jerárquicas y modulares debido a compensaciones en costos energéticos, redundancia y corrección de errores.
  • Emergen dinámicas evolutivas lentas a partir de procesos de no equilibrio restringidos.

Conclusiones:

  • Las circuitarías son agentes activos que mejoran la «evolvability» a través de la organización jerárquica y modular.
  • La teoría de sistemas dinámicos y la termodinámica de no equilibrio ofrecen herramientas potentes para estudiar la complejidad biológica.
  • Comprender la topología de red es crucial para asimilar la innovación biológica y las trayectorias evolutivas.