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Integración del Análisis de Datos Composiciónales (CoDA) y Random Forest para la determinación de la línea base

Federica Meloni1, Caterina Gozzi2, Jacopo Cabassi3

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy; CNR-IGG, Via G. La Pira, 4, 50121,, Firenze, Italy.

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Este estudio presenta un nuevo método que combina el análisis de datos y el aprendizaje automático para determinar líneas base geoquímicas precisas en áreas mineras complejas. Esto ayuda a diferenciar las condiciones naturales del suelo de la contaminación, crucial para la gestión ambiental.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Geoquímica Ambiental; Geología Aplicada; Ciencia de Datos en Ciencias de la Tierra

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las líneas base geoquímicas precisas son vitales para distinguir la composición natural del suelo de la contaminación antropogénica en regiones afectadas por la minería.
  • Las áreas geológicamente complejas con minería histórica plantean desafíos para establecer valores de referencia fiables.
  • Los métodos existentes pueden ser insuficientes en áreas con impacto industrial a largo plazo y diversas formaciones geológicas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y validar una metodología mejorada para definir líneas base geoquímicas específicas de la litología.
  • Distinguir con precisión las variaciones geoquímicas naturales de la contaminación heredada en los suelos.
  • Apoyar las decisiones regulatorias y las estrategias de remediación en entornos geológicos complejos.

Principales métodos:

  • Integración del Análisis de Datos Composiciónales (CoDa) con el algoritmo Random Forest para una clasificación litológica robusta.
  • Análisis de más de 300 muestras de suelo superficial y subsuperficial para determinar la mineralogía y los elementos traza (Hg, As, Sb, Cr, Cu, Co, V, Ni).
  • Aplicación de métodos estadísticos robustos (mediana ± 2MAD) para el cálculo de los valores de referencia.

Principales resultados:

  • Se estimaron con éxito las líneas base geoquímicas de Hg, As y Sb, demostrando un fuerte control litológico en dominios volcánicos y sedimentarios.
  • Se identificó una variabilidad significativa en los valores de referencia vinculada a los entornos geológicos, lo que ayuda a distinguir las anomalías naturales de la contaminación.
  • Se observaron valores de referencia que superan los umbrales legales italianos para Hg y As, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de normativas específicas del sitio.

Conclusiones:

  • El flujo de trabajo propuesto establece eficazmente líneas base geoquímicas específicas de la litología en áreas complejas históricamente explotadas.
  • La metodología proporciona información crucial sobre la variabilidad natural y la resiliencia de diferentes dominios geológicos.
  • Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de límites regulatorios adaptados y el potencial de aplicación más amplia en regiones contaminadas similares.