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Expansión de linajes específicos y divergencia funcional de genes de β-queratina subyacentes a la evolución de la
Mengrao Chen1, Yannan Gao2, Chenkai Li2
1College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China.
Genomics
|December 15, 2025
Resumen
Los genes de beta-queratina de las tortugas evolucionaron hacia linajes distintos, con genes específicos en especies de caparazón duro que contribuyen a la estructura y rigidez de la concha. Las tortugas de caparazón blando muestran una expresión reducida de estos genes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva; Biología molecular; Genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las beta-queratinas son proteínas estructurales cruciales en reptiles y aves.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la diversificación evolutiva y la especialización funcional de los genes de beta-queratina en tortugas (Testudines).
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron genómica comparativa, análisis estructural y transcriptómica en 10 especies de tortugas y 4 especies de grupos de control.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 835 genes de beta-queratina en tortugas, agrupados en grupos conservados y específicos de linaje.
- Las beta-queratinas específicas de tortuga, ausentes en escamosos, comparten orígenes con las queratinas de las plumas de las aves.
- Las tortugas de caparazón duro poseen beta-queratinas con estructuras que apoyan la rigidez de la concha, mientras que las tortugas de caparazón blando muestran una expresión reducida y estructuras alteradas.
- Se confirmó la expresión específica del caparazón de estos genes en tortugas de caparazón duro, pero no en especies de caparazón blando.
Conclusiones:
- La expansión de genes de beta-queratina, la modificación estructural y la expresión específica de tejidos impulsan la evolución de los fenotipos de la concha de las tortugas.
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