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Sobredosis masiva de cafeína con concentración sanguínea extremadamente alta de cafeína y toxidromo prolongado
Yuka Okazaki1, Suguru Hitomi1, Shigemasa Taguchi1
1Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan.
Toxicology reports
|December 17, 2025
Resumen
La sobredosis masiva de cafeína puede causar síntomas tóxicos prolongados, incluido daño hepático y renal. Este caso destaca los efectos graves y prolongados de los niveles altos de cafeína, que requieren una intervención médica intensiva.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Toxicología
- Medicina Interna
- Medicina de Cuidados Críticos
Sus antecedentes:
- La disponibilidad de cafeína ha aumentado, lo que ha llevado a un mayor potencial de sobredosis tóxicas.
- Si bien se documentan casos de intoxicación grave por cafeína, los toxidromos prolongados se describen con menos frecuencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar un caso de sobredosis masiva de cafeína con un toxidromo prolongado.
- Ilustrar el potencial de daño hepático y renal significativo por altas concentraciones de cafeína.
Principales métodos:
- Reporte de caso de un hombre de 37 años con sobredosis masiva de cafeína.
- El manejo incluyó intubación, ventilación mecánica y hemodiafiltración venovenosa continua.
- Se utilizó hemodiálisis debido al empeoramiento de la disfunción renal y hepática.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente experimentó alteración de la conciencia, taquicardia ventricular no sostenida, taquipnea y taquicardia.
- Los síntomas prolongados requirieron reintubación y múltiples sesiones de hemodiálisis.
- Se desarrolló y persistió una disfunción hepática y renal significativa.
Conclusiones:
- La alta concentración de cafeína puede causar un toxidromo prolongado.
- La sobredosis masiva de cafeína puede provocar daño hepático y renal significativo y prolongado.
- Puede ser necesario un tratamiento de soporte intensivo, incluida la hemodiafiltración y la hemodiálisis.
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