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Responsabilidad genética de los rasgos internalizantes-externalizantes en jóvenes mexicanos: moderación por la
Zuriel Ceja1,2, I-Tzu Hung3, Nathaniel Thomas3
1Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|December 17, 2025
Resumen
Los factores genéticos comunes para los rasgos internalizantes-externalizantes predicen trastornos psiquiátricos en jóvenes mexicanos. La adversidad ambiental, como la pérdida de los padres, aumenta aún más el riesgo de trastornos, lo que resalta la necesidad de enfoques genéticos y ambientales integrados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genómica Psiquiátrica
- Salud Mental Adolescente
- Genética Conductual
Sus antecedentes:
- Los rasgos internalizantes (INT) y externalizantes (EXT) son dimensiones comunes de la psicopatología.
- Comprender la arquitectura genética de estos rasgos y su vínculo con los trastornos es crucial para los jóvenes mexicanos.
- La adversidad ambiental puede interactuar con las responsabilidades genéticas para influir en el desarrollo de trastornos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las responsabilidades genéticas de los rasgos INT y EXT en la predicción de los trastornos correspondientes en adolescentes mexicanos.
- Examinar si la adversidad ambiental modera la asociación entre los factores genéticos y los trastornos psiquiátricos.
- Explorar las influencias genéticas compartidas y específicas sobre la psicopatología internalizante y externalizante.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales genómicas (SEM) en estadísticas de resumen de asociación de todo el genoma para derivar puntuaciones poligénicas (PGS) para factores genéticos latentes.
- Se evaluaron diagnósticos psiquiátricos y adversidades en 1130 adolescentes mexicanos (edades 12-17) utilizando la Entrevista Diagnóstica Internacional Compuesta del Mundo de la Salud Mental para Adolescentes.
- Se empleó regresión logística multinomial para probar las asociaciones entre PGS, adversidad y resultados de trastornos.
Principales resultados:
- Un factor compartido de internalización-externalización (INT-EXT-F) y factores específicos (INT-SF, EXT-SF) se ajustan mejor a los datos genéticos.
- Las puntuaciones de riesgo poligénico (PGS) más altas de INT-EXT-F se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de trastornos externalizantes-únicos y comórbidos.
- La pérdida de los padres y la adversidad acumulada moderaron los efectos de los factores genéticos específicos (PGS de EXT-SF) sobre los trastornos internalizantes, externalizantes y comórbidos.
Conclusiones:
- Los factores genéticos y ambientales interactúan para influir en el riesgo de trastornos psiquiátricos en jóvenes mexicanos.
- Los hallazgos respaldan la utilidad de integrar la investigación genética y ambiental en poblaciones diversas.
- Este estudio amplía el alcance de la investigación genómica psiquiátrica más allá de las ascendencias europeas.
Palabras clave:
jóvenes mexicanosexposición a la adversidadexternalizanteinteracción gen × ambienteinternalizanteMás Videos Relacionados
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