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Intervenciones centradas en el paciente para la tuberculosis multirresistente: una revisión de alcance

Ndiviwe Mphothulo¹, Marian Loveday, Hanlie Myburg

¹Department of Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. 221101668@ukzn.ac.za.

South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care

|December 17, 2025

Resumen

Las intervenciones centradas en el paciente, incluido el apoyo informativo, emocional, de compañía y material, mejoran significativamente la retención y los resultados de los pacientes con tuberculosis multirresistente (TB-MDR). Estas estrategias ayudan a superar los desafíos del tratamiento.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública
Enfermedades Infecciosas
Atención al Paciente

Sus antecedentes:

El tratamiento de la tuberculosis multirresistente (TB-MDR) presenta desafíos significativos que incluyen enfermedad grave, efectos secundarios y dificultades psicosociales/socioeconómicas.
Estos desafíos impactan negativamente la adherencia del paciente y las tasas de finalización del tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Sintetizar la evidencia sobre intervenciones de atención centrada en el paciente diseñadas para mejorar la retención en el cuidado de pacientes con TB-MDR.
Identificar y categorizar diferentes tipos de apoyo ofrecidos a personas en tratamiento para la TB-MDR.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una revisión de alcance exhaustiva, examinando estudios publicados entre 2005 y 2023.
La literatura se obtuvo de artículos de investigación primarios, literatura gris y artículos de revisión revisados por pares.
Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión a 14 estudios seleccionados de los 347 inicialmente recuperados.

Principales resultados:

Las intervenciones centradas en el paciente para pacientes con TB-MDR se clasificaron en apoyo informativo, emocional, de compañía y material, alineándose con las recomendaciones de la OMS.
El apoyo material fue la intervención más utilizada (12 estudios), seguida del apoyo informativo (9 estudios), de compañía (7 estudios) y emocional (5 estudios).
La mayoría de los estudios (11) integraron múltiples formas de apoyo para pacientes con TB-MDR.

Conclusiones:

Las intervenciones de atención centrada en el paciente son efectivas para mejorar la retención en el cuidado y los resultados del tratamiento en personas con TB-MDR.
Este estudio subraya el papel crítico del apoyo adaptado y centrado en el paciente en el manejo eficaz de la TB-MDR.

Palabras clave:

TB-MDR intervenciones intervenciones centradas en el paciente atención centrada en el paciente apoyo social

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