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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
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Cambio de formas dinámicas de fósforo desde el campo al arroyo durante eventos de escorrentía superficial

Rebecca M Kreiling1, Tanja N Williamson2, Faith A Fitzpatrick3

  • 1U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.

Journal of environmental quality
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La escorrentía agrícola impacta la calidad del agua a través del transporte de fósforo (P). El P disuelto de los campos puede unirse a sedimentos suspendidos (SS) en los arroyos, reduciendo su biodisponibilidad aguas abajo.

Palabras clave:
escorrentía agrícolafósforocalidad del aguasedimentos suspendidosbiodisponibilidadtransporte de nutrientescuencas agrícolaseutrofización

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química Ambiental
  • Ciencia de la Calidad del Agua
  • Ciencia Agrícola

Sus antecedentes:

  • La escorrentía agrícola es una fuente importante de contaminación por nutrientes, que impacta los cuerpos de agua.
  • El fósforo (P) existe en formas disueltas y particuladas, lo que influye en su destino ambiental y biodisponibilidad.
  • La transformación de P entre formas durante el transporte afecta su impacto en los ecosistemas acuáticos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Cuantificar las formas y la abundancia de fósforo (P) en la escorrentía superficial agrícola y el agua del arroyo receptor.
  • Comparar la especiación y adsorción de P a sedimentos suspendidos (SS) entre los entornos de escorrentía de campo y de arroyo.
  • Comprender cómo cambian la biodisponibilidad de P durante el transporte desde campos agrícolas a arroyos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se recolectaron muestras de escorrentía superficial y agua de arroyo durante cinco eventos de escorrentía de marzo de 2022 a junio de 2023 en la cuenca del río Este, Wisconsin.
  • Se analizaron las formas y la abundancia de P (disuelto y particulado) en las muestras recolectadas.
  • Se caracterizó el tamaño de partícula de los sedimentos suspendidos (SS) y la capacidad de adsorción de P.

Principales resultados:

  • La escorrentía superficial contenía predominantemente P disuelto, con P particulado adsorbido a arcilla fina.
  • El agua del arroyo contenía principalmente P particulado adsorbido a limo, a pesar de la abundancia de arcilla fina.
  • El enriquecimiento de P de SS aumentó durante eventos de bajo flujo y de escorrentía más pequeños, lo que indica la adsorción de P durante el transporte.

Conclusiones:

  • Se produce un cambio en la forma de P desde la escorrentía del campo (disuelta) al agua del arroyo (particulada), lo que indica la adsorción de P disuelto a SS.
  • Este proceso de adsorción altera la biodisponibilidad de P, reduciendo potencialmente la cantidad de P biodisponible exportado aguas abajo.
  • Comprender la dinámica del P en las cuencas agrícolas es crucial para gestionar la calidad del agua y mitigar la eutrofización.