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Experiencias de enfermedades crónicas en adultos jóvenes: un estudio cualitativo
Imogen Harper1,2, Alex Broom3, Louise Baur4,5
1Sydney Centre for Healthy Societies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia imogen.harper@sydney.edu.au.
BMJ open
|December 17, 2025
Resumen
Los jóvenes con enfermedades crónicas enfrentan desafíos únicos debido a su edad, lo que a menudo conduce al aislamiento y la autoinculpación. Comprender este contexto es crucial para mejorar los sistemas de atención médica y de apoyo para los jóvenes que manejan afecciones a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología de la Salud; Medicina del Adolescente; Manejo de Enfermedades Crónicas
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adultos jóvenes (19-29 años) con enfermedades crónicas físicas experimentan desafíos únicos.
- Navegar por los sistemas de atención médica y de apoyo social es complejo durante esta etapa de desarrollo.
- Comprender las experiencias vividas de este grupo demográfico es vital para intervenciones personalizadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las experiencias vividas y los impactos de las enfermedades crónicas físicas en los jóvenes.
- Identificar los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los adultos jóvenes para controlar las condiciones de salud a largo plazo.
- Informar el desarrollo de estrategias mejoradas de atención médica y de apoyo.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio cualitativo que emplea entrevistas semiestructuradas.
- Entrevistas realizadas por videollamada (n=14) o cara a cara (n=19).
- Los participantes (n=33) fueron adultos jóvenes australianos de 19 a 29 años, que viven con una enfermedad crónica durante ≥6 meses.
Principales resultados:
- La edad temprana y el grupo de pares influyeron en las interacciones con los profesionales de la salud y el acceso al apoyo, lo que llevó al aislamiento.
- Los participantes tuvieron dificultades para articular el impacto más amplio de su enfermedad más allá de los síntomas 'esperados'.
- La falta de educación sobre los impactos de las enfermedades crónicas exacerbó los sentimientos de culpa, autoinculpación y agotamiento.
Conclusiones:
- La juventud es un factor crítico para comprender los desafíos del manejo de enfermedades crónicas.
- Los jóvenes pueden internalizar la culpa por problemas estructurales relacionados con su enfermedad crónica.
- Las experiencias de atención médica mejoradas y los programas de apoyo requieren una comprensión de este contexto único.
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