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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
Published on: August 17, 2016
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El presupuesto mundial para el hidrógeno
Zutao Ouyang1,2, Robert B Jackson3,4,5, Marielle Saunois6
1Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
|December 17, 2025
Resumen
El hidrógeno (H2) es crucial para la descarbonización, pero tiene impactos climáticos. Este estudio cuantifica las fuentes de H2, los sumideros y su efecto de calentamiento, revelando un aumento de 0.02°C entre 2010 y 2020.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Química atmosférica y ciencias del clima
- Ciencias ambientales y sostenibilidad
- Política energética y mitigación del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- El hidrógeno (H2) se propone como un portador de energía clave para la descarbonización.
- Sin embargo, el potencial indirecto de calentamiento global del H2 requiere una comprensión completa de sus interacciones atmosféricas.
- Existen preocupaciones con respecto a las consecuencias climáticas de la expansión de las economías de H2.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar las fuentes y sumideros globales de H2 de 1990 a 2020.
- Elaborar un presupuesto integral para el segundo semestre de la década 2010-2020.
- Evaluar el impacto del aumento del H2 atmosférico en la temperatura global del aire de superficie (GSAT).
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las tendencias de las fuentes y sumideros mundiales de H2 durante tres décadas.
- Elaboración de un presupuesto detallado para el segundo semestre del período 2010-2020.
- Estimación de los cambios de GSAT atribuidos a los aumentos de H2 atmosférico.
Principales resultados:
- Las fuentes y sumideros globales de H2 aumentaron entre 1990 y 2020, impulsados por la oxidación del metano, los COV, la fijación de nitrógeno y la fuga de producción de H2.
- El promedio estimado de fuentes y sumideros de H2 para 2010-2020 fue de 69,9 ± 9,4 Tg/año y 68,4 ± 18,1 Tg/año, respectivamente.
- El aumento del H2 atmosférico entre 2010 y 2020 contribuyó a un aumento de GSAT de 0,02 ± 0,006 °C.
Conclusiones:
- Un presupuesto integral de hidrógeno es esencial para gestionar los riesgos ambientales asociados con las futuras economías de hidrógeno.
- El análisis regional muestra que África y América del Sur son las principales fuentes y sumideros de H2, mientras que el este de Asia y América del Norte lideran las emisiones de combustibles fósiles.
- Se prevé que los impactos futuros de GSAT sigan siendo modestos (0,01-0,05 °C), pero dependen del uso de H2, las fugas y las emisiones de metano.
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