Alelopatía interespecífica que suprime los nematodos quiste de la patata mediante 1-decanol producido por Houttuynia...

Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera rostochiensis, are one type of important quarantine plant parasitic nematode and seriously threaten the potato industry and food security due to the lack of effective control measures. In this work, intercropping of Houttuynia cordata was demonstrated to be effective in reducing PCNs as well as stimulating the yield of potato, and it released a key allelopathic volatile compound 1-decanol exhibiting significant nematicidal activity (LC₅₀ = 31.5 μg/mL), which was notably superior to that of nematicide avermectin (LC₅₀ = 63.8 μg/mL). Meanwhile, the root irrigation with 1-decanol could significantly reduce PCN infection in potato. Furthermore, 1-decanol could not only directly damage surface structure, induce cell apoptosis, and disrupt balance of oxidative stress of nematodes, but also downregulate defense-related metabolic pathways, driving the redistribution of metabolic resources from defense to growth pathways in potato. In addition, 1-decanol did not alter the overall diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community, however specifically reduced the abundance of pathogens such as Fusarium, while recruiting beneficial microbiota to the potato rhizosphere, thereby resisting the synergistic infection of pathogens and nematodes. These data suggest that intercropping with H. cordata can control PCNs and promote potato yield through the antimicrobial actions of its allelochemicals and their impacts on nematodes. Ultimately, the effects of 1-decanol reshape the rhizosphere microbiome, regulating the physiological processes of the host to provide a sustainable management strategy against PCNs.