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La representación de los dadores de ayuda en materiales de instrucción de primeros auxilios: un estudio de recepción
Dušan Stamenković1,2, Ielka van der Sluis3, Janina Wildfeuer3
1School of Culture and Education, Södertörn University.
Health communication
|December 18, 2025
Resumen
El diseño visual impacta significativamente la forma en que las personas perciben a los dadores de ayuda en materiales de primeros auxilios. Los elementos de la imagen como la perspectiva, el color y el género influyen en la percepción del espectador, guiando la optimización para una mejor comunicación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Comunicación Visual
- Interacción Humano-Computadora
- Diseño Instruccional
Sus antecedentes:
- La instrucción eficaz de primeros auxilios se basa en una comunicación visual clara.
- La investigación previa no ha analizado exhaustivamente cómo los elementos visuales específicos en las imágenes de primeros auxilios influyen en la percepción de la audiencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre varias opciones de diseño visual en imágenes de primeros auxilios y la percepción del espectador de los dadores de ayuda.
- Identificar atributos visuales específicos que mejoren la percepción positiva de las personas representadas en materiales de instrucción de primeros auxilios.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de recepción que analizó 40 imágenes de un corpus de primeros auxilios.
- Las variaciones de imagen incluyeron tipo, perspectiva, ángulo de cámara, tamaño de toma, color, visibilidad de la expresión facial y género.
- 107 participantes evaluaron las imágenes utilizando adjetivos de rasgos en una escala de 6 puntos.
Principales resultados:
- Los dibujos obtuvieron una puntuación ligeramente superior a las fotografías; las imágenes en color fueron preferidas sobre las de escala de grises.
- Las perspectivas de ojo de pájaro, los ángulos de cámara frontales y las tomas de cuerpo entero influyeron positivamente en la percepción.
- Las imágenes con expresiones faciales oscurecidas y aquellas que representan a dadores de ayuda femeninos recibieron calificaciones positivas más altas.
Conclusiones:
- Los elementos de diseño visual en los materiales de primeros auxilios se correlacionan directamente con las características percibidas de los dadores de ayuda.
- La optimización de la selección de imágenes basada en estos hallazgos puede mejorar la efectividad y la recepción de la instrucción de primeros auxilios.
- Los diseñadores deben considerar la perspectiva, el color y la representación de género para mejorar la participación positiva del espectador.
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