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Una base celular para una mayor sensibilidad intestinal en las mujeres

Archana Venkataraman¹, Eric E Figueroa², Joel Castro^3,4

¹Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 18, 2025

Resumen

El sesgo femenino en el dolor visceral, como el síndrome del intestino irritable, está relacionado con la señalización intestinal impulsada por el estrógeno. El estrógeno mejora la comunicación entre las células L y las células enterocromafinas, aumentando la sensibilidad intestinal y el dolor en las mujeres.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neuro-gastroenterología
Endocrinología
Interacciones del microbioma intestinal

Sus antecedentes:

Los trastornos viscerales del dolor, incluido el síndrome del intestino irritable, afectan desproporcionadamente a las mujeres.
La comunicación mejorada entre las células de enterocromafina (EC) intestinal y los nervios sensoriales está implicada en este sesgo de sexo.
El papel del estrógeno en la modulación de la sensibilidad intestinal y la percepción del dolor requiere más investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar la vía paracrina sensible al estrógeno que contribuye a la prevalencia femenina en el dolor visceral.
Identificar los tipos específicos de células y los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la hipersensibilidad intestinal mediada por estrógenos.
Para entender cómo las fluctuaciones hormonales interactúan con otros factores para amplificar los circuitos de dolor intestinal.

Principales métodos:

Se investigó el efecto de los estrógenos en las células L del colon y en las células enterocromafinas (CE).
Utilizó técnicas de biología molecular para analizar la expresión génica y la señalización de receptores.
Se examinó el papel del péptido YY (PYY) y la serotonina en la mediación de la sensibilidad intestinal.

Principales resultados:

El estrógeno regula el receptor de ácidos grasos de cadena corta *Olfr78* en las células L del colon, aumentando la liberación de PYY.
El aumento de PYY activa NPY1R en las células EC, aumentando la liberación de serotonina y el dolor intestinal.
Esta vía de respuesta al estrógeno amplifica la sensibilidad intestinal, particularmente en las mujeres.

Conclusiones:

Una nueva vía de respuesta al estrógeno que involucra a las células L y EC contribuye al dolor visceral femenino.
Las fluctuaciones hormonales, el estrés y la dieta pueden amplificar este circuito colónico, lo que lleva a una sensibilidad intestinal desadaptativa.
Dirigirse a esta vía puede ofrecer estrategias terapéuticas para los trastornos del dolor visceral sesgados por sexo.

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