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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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X-ray Imaging01:24

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

3D Imaging of Soft-Tissue Samples using an X-ray Specific Staining Method and Nanoscopic Computed Tomography
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XPCIpy: Un kit de herramientas de Python para imágenes de contraste de fase de rayos X

Victor Sanchez-Lara, Diego Garcia-Pinto

    Optics express
    |December 19, 2025
    PubMed
    Resumen
    Este resumen es generado por máquina.

    XPCIpy es un nuevo software de Python de código abierto para imágenes de contraste de fase (PCI) de rayos X. Simula y reconstruye imágenes, mejorando la visualización de materiales de bajo número atómico y reduciendo artefactos.

    Palabras clave:
    imágenes de contraste de fase de rayos XsimulaciónreconstrucciónPythonvisualización de materialesartefactos

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Física
    • Ciencia de materiales
    • Imagen médica

    Sus antecedentes:

    • La imagen de absorción de rayos X tiene un contraste limitado para materiales de bajo número atómico.
    • La imagen de contraste de fase de rayos X (PCI) mejora la visualización al utilizar desplazamientos de fase.
    • La extracción de información de fase de los datos de intensidad requiere técnicas especializadas.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Presentar XPCIpy, un software de Python de código abierto para PCI de rayos X.
    • Proporcionar herramientas para simular imágenes de propagación (PBI) y imágenes de contraste de fase Talbot-Lau (TLPCI).
    • Permitir la reconstrucción de imágenes TLPCI y la corrección de artefactos.

    Principales métodos:

    • Desarrollado XPCIpy usando Python con una arquitectura modular y GUI.
    • Implementado el método de paso de fase para la recuperación de imágenes.
    • Incluidos algoritmos de reconstrucción basados en mínimos cuadrados y FFT con corrección de artefactos.

    Principales resultados:

    • XPCIpy simula con éxito PBI y TLPCI.
    • Los algoritmos de reconstrucción recuperan eficazmente la información de fase.
    • El algoritmo de corrección de artefactos mitiga los patrones de Moiré y otros problemas.
    • Validado a través de simulaciones y datos experimentales.

    Conclusiones:

    • XPCIpy ofrece un marco versátil y accesible para la investigación de PCI de rayos X.
    • El software ayuda a optimizar la configuración experimental y probar nuevos algoritmos.
    • XPCIpy sirve como una herramienta valiosa para la comunidad científica en imágenes de rayos X.