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La interacción entre la microbiota intestinal, la nutrición y la salud humana
1University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Food Hygiene & Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture
|December 19, 2025
Resumen
Mantener la biodiversidad de la flora intestinal a través de una nutrición adecuada y el uso racional de antibióticos es crucial para la salud humana. Los probióticos pueden ayudar a preservar la microbiota intestinal y a tratar ciertas afecciones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Salud Humana
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- La biodiversidad de la flora intestinal es un indicador clave de la salud humana.
- La flora intestinal está influenciada por la edad, la dieta, el estilo de vida y el uso de antibióticos.
- La microbiota intestinal comprende microorganismos, mientras que el microbioma es su material genético colectivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar la importancia de la nutrición y el uso racional de antibióticos para la biodiversidad de la flora intestinal.
- Enfatizar el papel de la flora intestinal en la salud humana.
- Revisar el impacto de los antibióticos y los probióticos en la microbiota intestinal.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de literatura de artículos de ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed y SciELO.
- Enfoque en investigaciones publicadas entre 2010 y 2026.
- Análisis de los efectos de los antibióticos y los probióticos en la microbiota intestinal.
Principales resultados:
- El uso irracional de antibióticos altera la flora intestinal, pudiendo causar enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y un aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal.
- Los probióticos orales, especialmente combinaciones como Lactobacillus rhamnosus y Saccharomyces boulardii, pueden preservar la microbiota intestinal durante el tratamiento con antibióticos.
- Los probióticos ayudan a construir diversas poblaciones beneficiosas de bacterias intestinales y pueden ayudar en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes.
Conclusiones:
- Preservar la biodiversidad de la flora intestinal a través de la dieta y el uso juicioso de antibióticos es vital para la salud.
- Los probióticos desempeñan un papel importante en el mantenimiento de la salud intestinal, especialmente cuando se usan con antibióticos o durante períodos de alto riesgo de infecciones.
- La dieta influye significativamente en la composición de la microbiota, incluso después de la interrupción de la suplementación con probióticos.
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