Expresión Inmunohistoquímica de Interleucina-6 y Factor de Crecimiento Transformante Beta-1 en Lesiones Prostáticas

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer both represent prostate lesions affecting males. These conditions occur due to the presence of inflammation within the prostate gland. This inflammatory process causes tissue injury and cellular modifications, which are primarily through the cytokine synthesis and secretion. Distinctly, IL-6 (interleukin 6) emerges as a vital part in prostate disease, exerting a profound influence on its development. In addition, the anti-inflammatory cytokines' inclusion, such as tumor necrosis factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), is evident in the development of both benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer. In recent discoveries, researchers are more focused on complex interaction between IL-6 and TGFβ-1 in the prostate pathophysiology. The article aims to assess the IL-6 and TGFβ-1 immunohistochemical expression in prostatic benign and malignant lesions. Formalin-fixed samples that were encapsulated in paraffin were utilized in this work. They were collected from the department of histopathology et al.-Ramadi-Teaching Hospital from patients who were diagnosed with hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate. To detect the expression of TGFβ-1 and IL-6, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on the tissue sections. The intensity of stromal staining was determined to assess the stromal expression. Concerning prostate cancer, the relationship between cytokine expression and the Gleason index score was discussed in this work. The results confirm that the TGFβ-1 was presented in the epithelial and stromal components of prostate tissue with a higher concentration in the stroma. The TGFβ-1 stromal expression was increased in cases of benign hyperplastic changes in comparison to prostate carcinoma (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the epithelial expression of TGFβ-1 did not show any significant differences between the two cases. On the other hand, IL-6 expression was localized in the epithelial component, with higher levels observed in prostate cancer in comparison to hyperplasia. There was no substantial correlation found between the Gleason score and IL-6 expression. According to our results, the immunohistochemical detection of both TGFβ-1 and IL-6 exhibited variations between benign and malignant samples.