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Predictores de Capacidad de Difusión Anormal de Monóxido de Carbono en Ugandeses Post-Neumonía con y sin VIH

Katerina L Byanova¹, Jessica Fitzpatrick², Josephine Zawedde³

¹Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

|December 19, 2025

Resumen

La función pulmonar anormal (capacidad de difusión de monóxido de carbono) es común después de la neumonía en Uganda. Los factores de riesgo como la tuberculosis y el tabaquismo difieren entre las personas con y sin VIH, lo que resalta la necesidad de una atención personalizada.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina Pulmonar
Enfermedades Infecciosas
Salud Global

Sus antecedentes:

La capacidad de difusión anormal de monóxido de carbono (DLco) es prevalente en personas con VIH (PWH) y se asocia con la mortalidad.
Existen datos limitados sobre DLco en África Oriental, particularmente en Uganda.
Comprender la DLco en PWH y personas sin VIH (PWoH) es crucial para la salud pública en la región.

Objetivo del estudio:

Caracterizar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de DLco anormal en adultos ugandeses.
Comparar los predictores de DLco entre PWH y PWoH.
Informar intervenciones específicas para la salud pulmonar en esta población.

Principales métodos:

Análisis transversal de adultos con y sin VIH post-neumonía en Kampala, Uganda.
Se utilizaron mediciones de DLco compatibles con ATS/ERS.
Se emplearon modelos de regresión multivariable, incluyendo análisis estratificados por estado de VIH, para identificar predictores de DLco anormal.

Principales resultados:

La prevalencia de DLco anormal fue del 21,7% entre 447 participantes.
El VIH, la neumonía bacteriana previa y la tuberculosis (TB) se asociaron con una DLco más baja.
La TB predijo una DLco más baja tanto en PWH como en PWoH.
El tabaquismo predijo una DLco más baja en PWoH, mientras que la exposición a humos laborales se relacionó con una DLco anormal en PWH.

Conclusiones:

La DLco anormal es una complicación post-neumonía significativa en adultos ugandeses.
Los predictores de DLco anormal varían según el estado serológico del VIH.
Se necesitan más estudios longitudinales para comprender las trayectorias de DLco y la morbilidad asociada.

Palabras clave:

DLco VIH Tuberculosis deterioro pulmonar África subsahariana

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