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Determinantes fisiológicos y contribución del sistema energético en el rendimiento del ciclismo de corta y media

Lars Erik Gjerløw^1,2, Eva Maria Støa³, Jan Helgerud^4,5

¹Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway. lars.e.gjerlow@usn.no.

European journal of applied physiology

|December 19, 2025

Resumen

Este estudio encontró que la liberación de energía aeróbica y anaeróbica contribuye por igual al rendimiento del ciclismo alrededor de los 73 segundos. Los ciclistas de élite muestran una mayor dependencia de la energía anaeróbica para duraciones más cortas, mientras que la energía aeróbica domina los esfuerzos de ciclismo más largos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología del Ejercicio; Ciencias del Deporte; Rendimiento Humano

Sus antecedentes:

Comprender la interacción entre los sistemas de energía aeróbica y anaeróbica es crucial para optimizar el rendimiento del ciclismo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la contribución de la liberación de energía aeróbica y anaeróbica al rendimiento del ciclismo en duraciones de 10 a 180 segundos.

Principales métodos:

Participaron 18 ciclistas varones (desde recreativos hasta élite) en un estudio transversal.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una distribución 50-50% de la liberación de energía aeróbica y anaeróbica alrededor de los 73 segundos.
A los 180 segundos, la contribución se desplazó a un 71% aeróbica y un 29% anaeróbica.
Se encontraron fuertes correlaciones entre el rendimiento en la prueba de tiempo de 180 s y la potencia máxima de sprint (MSP), la potencia aeróbica máxima (MAP) y la MAOD, lo que indica la importancia de ambos sistemas.

Conclusiones:

La contribución relativa de los sistemas de energía aeróbica y anaeróbica al rendimiento del ciclismo cambia significativamente con la duración.

Palabras clave:

Capacidad aeróbica Capacidad anaeróbica Reserva anaeróbica de sprint Déficit máximo acumulado de oxígeno Rendimiento de media distancia

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