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Patrones alimentarios y riesgo de cáncer de mama: un estudio de casos y controles a gran escala en mujeres marroquíes
Najoua Lamchabbek1,2, Najia Mane3, Siham Mrah4
1Mohammed VI International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco. nlamchabbek@um6ss.ma.
European journal of nutrition
|December 19, 2025
Resumen
Una dieta alta en carbohidratos refinados aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de mama, mientras que una dieta mediterránea basada en plantas muestra beneficios protectores. Este estudio exploró los patrones dietéticos y el cáncer de mama (CM) en mujeres marroquíes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
- Oncología
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer de mama (CM) es un cáncer mundial importante en mujeres.
- Los factores dietéticos están relacionados con el riesgo de CM, pero la evidencia es inconsistente.
- La investigación sobre la dieta y el CM en Marruecos es limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los patrones dietéticos y el riesgo de cáncer de mama (CM) en mujeres marroquíes.
- Abordar la escasez de investigación sobre factores dietéticos y CM en la población marroquí.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles que involucró a 2.800 mujeres marroquíes.
- Patrones dietéticos identificados mediante Análisis de Componentes Principales (PCA) a partir de datos de un Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Alimentos (CFA) validado.
- La regresión logística multivariante calculó las razones de momios (OR) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% para el riesgo de CM en los cuartiles de los patrones dietéticos.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron cuatro patrones dietéticos.
- Una "Dieta de Carbohidratos Refinados y Azucarados" mostró una asociación positiva significativa con el riesgo de CM (OR = 7,71).
- Una "Dieta Mediterránea y Basada en Plantas" demostró una asociación inversa significativa con el riesgo de CM (OR = 0,26).
- Una dieta rica en lácteos mostró una asociación compleja, con el cuartil más alto asociado con un mayor riesgo (OR = 1,79).
- No se encontró una asociación significativa para una dieta rica en proteínas animales.
Conclusiones:
- Las dietas ricas en carbohidratos refinados pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- Los patrones dietéticos mediterráneos y basados en plantas parecen ofrecer beneficios protectores contra el cáncer de mama.
- Las intervenciones dietéticas centradas en el aumento de la ingesta de alimentos mediterráneos y basados en plantas podrían ser beneficiosas para la prevención del CM en mujeres marroquíes.
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