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Efectos del tratamiento de ortodoncia fija en la percepción del gusto: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado
Sinem Kuru Kaygun1, Fatma Asli Konca Tasova2
1Department of Orthodontics, Biruni University Faculty of Dentistry, Merkezefendi, G/75 Street, No: 1-13, Zeytinburnu/Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey. sinem.kuru@hotmail.com.
Clinical oral investigations
|December 19, 2025
Resumen
El tratamiento de ortodoncia fija puede causar cambios leves y temporales en la percepción del gusto dulce y amargo. Estas alteraciones del gusto no son clínicamente significativas y generalmente se resuelven con una buena higiene bucal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ortodoncia
- Ciencia Sensorial
- Salud Oral
Sus antecedentes:
- Los aparatos de ortodoncia fijos son comunes para corregir maloclusiones.
- Comprender los posibles efectos secundarios, como la alteración del gusto, es crucial para el manejo del paciente.
- Este estudio investiga los cambios en la percepción del gusto durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia inicial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar si el tratamiento de ortodoncia fija causa cambios medibles en la percepción del gusto.
- Evaluar las alteraciones en la percepción del gusto dulce, salado, ácido y amargo antes y después del inicio del tratamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Se aleatorizaron 128 pacientes (10-19 años) en grupos de tratamiento de ortodoncia fija o control.
- La percepción del gusto se evaluó utilizando nueve soluciones (dulce, salada, ácida, amarga, neutra) antes y seis semanas después del tratamiento.
- La intensidad del sabor percibido se midió utilizando una Escala Visual Analógica (EVA).
Principales resultados:
- El grupo de ortodoncia mostró puntuaciones de sabor dulce disminuidas (baja concentración) y puntuaciones de sabor amargo aumentadas (alta concentración) (p<0.05).
- No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción del gusto entre los grupos de tratamiento y control.
- Los cambios observados fueron menores y no clínicamente significativos en comparación con los controles.
Conclusiones:
- Los aparatos de ortodoncia fijos pueden inducir alteraciones menores y transitorias en la percepción del gusto dulce y amargo.
- Estos cambios en el gusto probablemente están relacionados con el flujo salival y no son clínicamente significativos.
- Se debe informar a los pacientes sobre posibles alteraciones leves y temporales del gusto durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia temprano.
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