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Recuperación del trauma después de la inducción forzada en anestesia pediátrica a través de la atención centrada en
Miriam Schneider1, Thomas Weber2, Alexander R Schmidt2
1Anaesthesiology, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland miriam.schneider@kispi.uzh.ch.
BMJ case reports
|December 19, 2025
Resumen
La inducción forzada de la anestesia en niños puede causar trauma psicológico, incluido el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT). Un enfoque informado sobre el trauma es crucial para prevenir la angustia y los problemas de salud mental a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Anestesiología Pediátrica; Psicología Infantil; Atención Informada sobre el Trauma
Sus antecedentes:
- El trauma psicológico en niños después de la anestesia a menudo se subestima.
- La inducción forzada de la anestesia, a veces utilizada debido a restricciones de tiempo, conlleva riesgos de daño psicológico a largo plazo, incluido el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar el daño psicológico potencial asociado con la inducción forzada de la anestesia en niños.
- Abogar y demostrar la efectividad de un enfoque informado sobre el trauma y centrado en el niño en la anestesia pediátrica.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de caso de un niño de la niñez media que requirió cirugía por un brazo fracturado, quien experimentó angustia durante una anestesia inducida forzosamente.
- Implementación de una estrategia de atención informada sobre el trauma que incluye toma de decisiones compartida, desensibilización preoperatoria, anestesia tópica y apoyo emocional.
- Observación del estado psicológico del niño posoperatoriamente y en el seguimiento.
Principales resultados:
- El niño desarrolló síntomas de TEPT después de la inducción forzada de la anestesia.
- El enfoque informado sobre el trauma resultó en una cirugía que procedió sin complicaciones ni angustia psicológica posoperatoria.
- El niño no mostró angustia psicológica en el seguimiento de 6 días.
Conclusiones:
- La inducción forzada de la anestesia presenta un riesgo significativo de daño psicológico y posible re-traumatización en niños.
- Un enfoque informado sobre el trauma y centrado en el niño es efectivo para prevenir la angustia psicológica y mitigar las consecuencias a largo plazo para la salud mental.
- Este enfoque apoya la seguridad y el bienestar del paciente en entornos de anestesia pediátrica.
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