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Justicia, no emoción, impulsa la toma de decisiones socioeconómicas
Rudra Mukhopadhyay1,2, Sourin Chatterjee2,3, Koel Das2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Haringhata Farm, West Bengal, India.
Psychophysiology
|December 20, 2025
Resumen
La justicia económica impacta significativamente las decisiones socioeconómicas, más que las emociones del proponente. Los marcadores neuronales reconocieron las emociones pero influyeron mínimamente en la toma de decisiones en este estudio del juego de ultimátum.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia; Ciencia Cognitiva; Economía Conductual
Sus antecedentes:
- Las decisiones socioeconómicas están influenciadas por la emoción y la justicia.
- Los mecanismos neurocognitivos que subyacen a estas decisiones no se comprenden completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la interacción entre las emociones del proponente y la justicia de la oferta en la toma de decisiones racional.
- Analizar los marcadores neuronales asociados con el reconocimiento emocional y los procesos de toma de decisiones.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un paradigma de juego de ultimátum con 40 participantes.
- Se expuso a los participantes a diversas emociones del proponente (Feliz, Neutral, Disgustado) y rangos de oferta (Baja, Intermedia, Alta).
- Se empleó electroencefalografía (EEG) para analizar potenciales relacionados con eventos (ERPs) como N170, Potencial Positivo Tardío (LPP), Negatividad Relacionada con la Retroalimentación (FRN) y P3a.
Principales resultados:
- La justicia económica (monto de la oferta) fue el predictor dominante de las tasas de aceptación.
- Los marcadores neuronales confirmaron el reconocimiento de expresiones faciales pero tuvieron un impacto mínimo en la propia decisión socioeconómica.
- Las respuestas de los participantes se agruparon en cinco estrategias distintas, respaldadas por el Modelo de Difusión de Deriva.
Conclusiones:
- La justicia económica juega un papel más crítico que las emociones del proponente en la toma de decisiones socioeconómicas.
- Si bien los sistemas neuronales reconocen las emociones, su influencia en las elecciones económicas racionales en este contexto es limitada.
- Las estrategias de toma de decisiones individualistas varían, lo que resalta diversos enfoques cognitivos.
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