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Superficies antibacterianas bioinspiradas micro/nanostructuradas: mecanismos antibacterianos, principios de diseño y

Zonghui Ye¹, Xin Chen^2,3, Peng Zhang¹

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Thin-Film Technologies, Henan Innovation Center For Functional Polymer Membrane Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China.

Advanced healthcare materials

|December 20, 2025

Resumen

Las superficies micro/nanostructuradas bioinspiradas ofrecen una estrategia prometedora contra las bacterias resistentes a los medicamentos. Esta revisión detalla sus mecanismos, diseño y fabricación para aplicaciones antibacterianas efectivas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia de Biomateriales
Microbiología
Ingeniería de Superficies

Sus antecedentes:

El desarrollo acelerado de bacterias resistentes a los medicamentos representa una amenaza significativa para la salud pública.
Las superficies mecano-antibacterianas micro/nanostructuradas, inspiradas en topografías naturales antimicrobianas, son un área clave de investigación.
La comprensión de estas superficies es crucial para el desarrollo de estrategias novedosas contra las infecciones bacterianas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar superficies naturales y biomiméticas micro/nanostructuradas para aplicaciones antimicrobianas.
Elucidar sistemáticamente los mecanismos antiincrustantes y bactericidas de estas superficies.
Discutir los factores influyentes, los principios de diseño y los métodos de fabricación de superficies antibacterianas bioinspiradas.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura existente sobre superficies antibacterianas micro/nanostructuradas.
Análisis sistemático de efectos antimicrobianos, propiedades antiincrustantes y mecanismos bactericidas.
Discusión de efectos sinérgicos, factores influyentes (morfología, rugosidad, mojabilidad, características bacterianas) y técnicas de fabricación.

Principales resultados:

Varias superficies naturales y biomiméticas micro/nanostructuradas exhiben efectos antimicrobianos significativos.
Los mecanismos incluyen la disrupción física y acciones sinérgicas antiincrustantes/bactericidas.
Los principios de diseño implican la optimización de la morfología de la superficie, la rugosidad y la mojabilidad para especies bacterianas específicas.

Conclusiones:

Las superficies micro/nanostructuradas bioinspiradas presentan un enfoque viable para combatir las bacterias resistentes a los medicamentos.
Persisten desafíos en el logro de alta eficacia bactericida, biocompatibilidad, estabilidad y fabricación sencilla.
Esta revisión proporciona orientación para la traducción clínica de estas superficies antibacterianas avanzadas.

Palabras clave:

superficies antibacterianas antifouling micro/nanoestructura bioinspirada mecano-bactericida topografía

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