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Cambios del desarrollo con dimorfismo sexual en las vías del dolor de la médula espinal de rata tras inflamación
Kateleen E Hedley1, Annalisa Cuskelly2, Rikki K Quinn1
1School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Physiological reports
|December 20, 2025
Resumen
La inflamación neonatal afecta los comportamientos del dolor de por vida. La inflamación temprana afecta agudamente a las neuronas de los ganglios de la raíz dorsal (DRG), mientras que la inflamación de la médula espinal (SC) se retrasa y es específica del sexo en ratas en desarrollo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Inmunología
- Biología del Desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- La inflamación en la primera infancia puede provocar cambios persistentes en la sensibilidad al dolor.
- Los mecanismos implican alteraciones en el neuroeje del dolor, incluidas las neuronas de primer y segundo orden.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los marcadores de neuroinflamación en los ganglios de la raíz dorsal (DRG) y la médula espinal (SC) después de la inflamación neonatal.
- Determinar los efectos temporales y específicos del sexo de la inflamación temprana en los tejidos neurales.
Principales métodos:
- Se inyectaron ratas Wistar (ambos sexos) con lipopolisacárido (LPS) o solución salina de forma neonatal.
- Se recolectaron tejidos de DRG y SC en los días postnatales 7, 13 y 21.
- Se utilizó PCR cuantitativa de transcripción inversa (RT-qPCR) para medir mediadores inflamatorios y proteína ácida fibrilar glial (GFAP).
Principales resultados:
- Se observó neuroinflamación aguda en los DRG después de LPS, con mediadores inflamatorios elevados en P7, que disminuyeron en P21.
- La inflamación de la médula espinal se retrasó, con mediadores elevados en P13 y P21 en ratas tratadas con LPS.
- Se observaron diferencias específicas del sexo en la inflamación de la SC y la expresión de GFAP, particularmente en las hembras en P21.
Conclusiones:
- Las neuronas del DRG son más susceptibles a la inflamación aguda durante el desarrollo temprano.
- La inflamación de la médula espinal se retrasa y presenta una modulación específica del sexo, especialmente en lo que respecta a la activación de astrocitos.
- La inflamación en la primera infancia tiene efectos temporales y dependientes del sexo distintos en diferentes componentes del neuroeje del dolor.
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