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Incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de vejiga: una visión general global y tendencias recientes
Adalberto M Filho1, Alberto Briganti2, Ahmedin Jemal3
1Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
European urology
|December 20, 2025
Resumen
La incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de vejiga muestran disparidades globales significativas, con las tasas más altas en Europa y América del Norte. Si bien las tasas disminuyen en las naciones de altos ingresos, el tabaquismo sigue siendo un factor de riesgo clave, junto con la esquistosomiasis en el norte de África.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología
- Epidemiología
- Salud Global
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer de vejiga es una neoplasia maligna líder del tracto urinario y una preocupación importante para la salud mundial.
- Las variaciones geográficas en la incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de vejiga son sustanciales y requieren un análisis actualizado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir e interpretar las variaciones geográficas actuales en las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de vejiga.
- Analizar las estimaciones nacionales actualizadas y los datos de los registros de cáncer basados en la población y las estadísticas vitales.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos de GLOBOCAN 2022 para 185 países, junto con las bases de datos Cancer Incidence in Five Continents y la OMS.
- Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas por edad (TEA) por cada 100.000 personas-año y se analizaron las tendencias temporales utilizando el cambio porcentual anual estimado (EAPC).
Principales resultados:
- En 2022, se produjeron aproximadamente 614.298 nuevos casos y 220.596 muertes a nivel mundial, predominantemente en hombres (75%).
- Se observaron las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad más altas en Europa, América del Norte, el norte de África y Asia occidental.
- Si bien la incidencia se está estabilizando/disminuyendo en los países de altos ingresos, las tasas de mortalidad muestran descensos en muchas poblaciones, aunque se observan tasas crecientes en algunos entornos.
Conclusiones:
- El cáncer de vejiga presenta importantes desafíos para la salud mundial con marcadas disparidades geográficas y por sexo.
- El tabaquismo es el principal factor de riesgo, lo que concuerda con las tendencias de la enfermedad, mientras que la esquistosomiasis contribuye a tasas elevadas en el norte de África.
- La interpretación de los patrones de incidencia requiere precaución debido a posibles variaciones en las prácticas de registro del cáncer, particularmente en lo que respecta a los tumores no invasivos.
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