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Prueba de generalización de estímulos como mecanismo para la formación de impresiones

Leoni S Masroujah1, Stephanie Wilcke2, Linda Jeffery3

  • 1School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.

Cognition
|December 21, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las experiencias previas dan forma a los juicios de confiabilidad. La semejanza facial con personas conocidas influye en las impresiones de extraños, demostrando la generalización de estímulos en el aprendizaje social.

Palabras clave:
ActitudesPercepción facialFormación de impresionesCognición socialAprendizaje socialConfiabilidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología
  • Psicología Social
  • Ciencia Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La apariencia facial influye en los juicios de confiabilidad.
  • El papel de la experiencia previa en la formación de estos juicios es menos comprendido.
  • La generalización de estímulos, un principio de aprendizaje, puede explicar cómo la experiencia influye en las impresiones de extraños.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si la generalización de estímulos, específicamente basada en la semejanza facial, influye en las impresiones de confiabilidad.
  • Determinar si las actitudes preexistentes hacia personas conocidas predicen las impresiones de confiabilidad de los rostros de extraños.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó un novedoso paradigma de semejanza facial.
  • Se midieron las actitudes preexistentes de los participantes hacia celebridades.
  • Se evaluaron las impresiones de confiabilidad de los rostros de extraños, manipulados para parecerse a celebridades.
  • Se utilizó modelado multinivel para tener en cuenta la apariencia facial y las variaciones de los participantes.

Principales resultados:

  • Las actitudes preexistentes hacia personas conocidas predijeron significativamente las impresiones de confiabilidad de los rostros de extraños.
  • Este efecto se mantuvo significativo después de controlar la apariencia facial y las diferencias entre los participantes.
  • Se encontró un fuerte apoyo para la generalización de estímulos, vinculando el aprendizaje social del mundo real con las impresiones de confiabilidad.

Conclusiones:

  • La formación de impresiones integra la apariencia visual con experiencias previas para guiar las decisiones de confianza.
  • El aprendizaje social influye significativamente en cómo percibimos la confiabilidad en individuos desconocidos.
  • Esta investigación destaca la superposición entre la percepción de personas, la formación de actitudes y los principios de aprendizaje.