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Controladores ambientales y procesos ecológicos que subyacen a la zonación de la comunidad microbiana en sedimentos
Ning Guo1, Wenquan Zhang2, Tingting Li3
1School of Advanced Manufacturing School of Ocean, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, 362200, China; Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
Marine environmental research
|December 21, 2025
Resumen
Los sedimentos de nódulos polimetálicos de aguas profundas albergan comunidades microbianas estratificadas. La profundidad da forma significativamente a la estructura y función microbiana, y se observan distintos cambios ecológicos a lo largo de los núcleos de sedimento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología de aguas profundas
- Ecología marina
- Biogeoquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las comunidades microbianas impulsan los procesos de los ecosistemas de aguas profundas y la biodiversidad.
- Los mecanismos que sustentan las comunidades microbianas en los sedimentos de nódulos polimetálicos son poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las poblaciones microbianas y la distribución vertical en sedimentos de nódulos polimetálicos de aguas profundas.
- Identificar los factores ambientales que influyen en la estructura y función de la comunidad microbiana.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de amplicones del gen 16S rRNA de núcleos de sedimento.
- Análisis de la diversidad microbiana (diversidad alfa y beta).
- Análisis de redes de coexistencia e identificación de determinantes ambientales (profundidad, TOC, TN, metales pesados).
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una pronunciada estratificación vertical de la diversidad procariota, con la mayor diversidad alfa en los sedimentos superficiales.
- Diferencias significativas en la diversidad beta entre las capas de sedimento; la profundidad se identificó como el principal factor de estructuración.
- La microbiota central ubicua (Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Acidobacteriota) dominó las comunidades en todas las profundidades.
- Las redes microbianas cambiaron de asociaciones negativas complejas en las capas superficiales a redes modulares cooperativas con el aumento de la profundidad.
- Los mecanismos de ensamblaje transitaron del dominio determinista al estocástico con el aumento de la profundidad.
Conclusiones:
- La profundidad es un factor crítico que estructura las comunidades microbianas en los sedimentos de nódulos polimetálicos.
- Una microbiota central es verticalmente dominante, mientras que ocurren cambios ecológicos distintos con el aumento de la profundidad.
- Los hallazgos proporcionan datos de referencia para las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental y la restauración ecológica en áreas de minería de aguas profundas.
Palabras clave:
Redes de coexistenciaMinería de aguas profundasSedimento de aguas profundasComunidad microbianaDiversidad microbianaCaracterísticas de distribución verticalMás Videos Relacionados
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