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Fallo de desarrollo: una presentación tardía de hernia diafragmática congénita
Jonathan Kong1, Henry White2, Sarah Eisen2
1Department of Paediatrics, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, UK jonathan.kong@nhs.net.
BMJ case reports
|December 21, 2025
Resumen
La hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) puede presentarse sutilmente en niños pequeños con síntomas como anemia por deficiencia de hierro y bajo aumento de peso. El diagnóstico y la reparación quirúrgica tempranos conducen a una recuperación significativa y a una mejora del crecimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cirugía Pediátrica
- Gastroenterología Pediátrica
- Imagenología Médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) es un defecto de nacimiento que puede presentarse con síntomas variados.
- La HDC de presentación tardía puede manifestarse con signos inespecíficos, lo que complica el diagnóstico en niños pequeños.
- La anemia por deficiencia de hierro inexplicable y el retraso del crecimiento pueden ser síntomas de presentación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Destacar los desafíos diagnósticos de la hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) de presentación tardía.
- Subrayar la asociación entre la HDC y la anemia grave por deficiencia de hierro en un caso pediátrico.
- Enfatizar la importancia de considerar la HDC en niños pequeños con retraso del desarrollo inexplicable.
Principales métodos:
- Informe de caso de un niño pequeño que presenta fiebre, tos, vómitos y retraso del desarrollo.
- El estudio diagnóstico incluyó radiografía de tórax y TC.
- El tratamiento implicó suplementación con hierro y reparación quirúrgica de la hernia diafragmática.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una hernia diafragmática congénita (HDC) posterolateral derecha como la causa de los síntomas del paciente.
- La anemia por deficiencia de hierro se resolvió con suplementación.
- La reparación quirúrgica resultó en una mejora significativa en el aumento de peso y la recuperación general.
Conclusiones:
- La presentación tardía de la HDC puede imitar otras afecciones, lo que plantea desafíos diagnósticos.
- La anemia grave por deficiencia de hierro y el bajo aumento de peso en niños justifican la consideración de la HDC.
- El diagnóstico y la intervención quirúrgica rápidos son cruciales para resultados favorables en la HDC.
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