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Deterioro de la función olfativa en el trastorno por uso de sustancias

Clara U Raithel1, Garrick T Sherman1, David H Epstein1

  • 1National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, 21224, MD, Baltimore, USA.

Psychopharmacology
|December 21, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las personas con trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) muestran una identificación olfativa alterada en comparación con los controles. Esto sugiere un vínculo entre la disfunción del olfato y los TUS, lo que justifica una mayor investigación sobre los mecanismos subyacentes.

Palabras clave:
Sentidos químicosUso de drogasOlfato

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología
  • Investigación Clínica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La función olfativa es crucial para los comportamientos motivados y se ve alterada en afecciones como el trastorno depresivo mayor y el trastorno por uso de alcohol (AUD).
  • El impacto de la función olfativa en otros trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) más allá del AUD sigue siendo en gran medida inexplorado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación entre las habilidades olfativas y los TUS en individuos no diagnosticados con AUD.
  • Comparar el rendimiento olfativo entre individuos con TUS y controles sanos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se administraron pruebas olfativas (identificación de olores y umbral) utilizando Sniffin' Sticks a 40 individuos con TUS (excluyendo AUD) y 112 controles.
  • Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal para comparar grupos, controlando la edad, el sexo y el estado de fumador.

Principales resultados:

  • Los individuos con TUS exhibieron puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en la identificación de olores en comparación con los controles.
  • No se encontró una diferencia significativa general en los umbrales olfativos entre los grupos.
  • El análisis exploratorio reveló umbrales olfativos más bajos en hombres con TUS en comparación con hombres controles, un patrón que no se observó en mujeres.

Conclusiones:

  • La identificación olfativa está alterada en individuos con TUS, lo que sugiere un papel potencial de la disfunción del olfato en estos trastornos.
  • Se necesita más investigación longitudinal para determinar la relación temporal entre los déficits olfativos, el uso de sustancias y el desarrollo o la sintomatología de los TUS.