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Manejo farmacológico del insomnio pediátrico
Sakshi Dhir1, Nicolette Karim1, Haley Berka1
1Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States.
Frontiers in sleep
|December 22, 2025
Resumen
El insomnio pediátrico es común y afecta el desarrollo, con la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (TCC-I) como tratamiento de primera línea. Esta revisión evalúa los medicamentos para el insomnio pediátrico, calificando su evidencia, efectos secundarios y riesgos frente a beneficios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina del Sueño Pediátrico
- Farmacología
- Psiquiatría Infantil
Sus antecedentes:
- El insomnio es un trastorno del sueño prevalente en niños y adolescentes, que afecta el desarrollo y a menudo persiste hasta la edad adulta.
- Su prevalencia se ve exacerbada por factores como discapacidades del desarrollo, comorbilidades psiquiátricas y la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Los proveedores de atención médica a menudo manejan el insomnio pediátrico, aunque faltan medicamentos aprobados por la FDA.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y calificar todos los estudios publicados sobre medicamentos para el insomnio pediátrico.
- Proporcionar orientación basada en evidencia para los médicos que tratan el insomnio en poblaciones pediátricas.
- Evaluar los perfiles de riesgo-beneficio de los tratamientos farmacológicos para el insomnio pediátrico.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión narrativa exhaustiva de los estudios publicados sobre medicamentos en el insomnio pediátrico.
- Clasificación de los estudios identificados según la solidez de la evidencia, los perfiles de efectos secundarios y las comorbilidades.
- Calificación de los tratamientos farmacológicos mediante la evaluación del riesgo general frente al beneficio.
Principales resultados:
- La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual para el Insomnio (TCC-I) es el principal tratamiento basado en evidencia.
- No existen medicamentos aprobados por la FDA para el insomnio pediátrico, sin embargo, se usan comúnmente.
- Los estudios de medicamentos se calificaron según la eficacia, la seguridad y el análisis de riesgo-beneficio.
Conclusiones:
- Los profesionales requieren orientación sobre el manejo del insomnio pediátrico, especialmente al considerar opciones farmacológicas.
- Esta revisión ayuda a la toma de decisiones clínicas al evaluar la evidencia y los riesgos de varios medicamentos para el insomnio en niños y adolescentes.
- Las decisiones informadas sobre el uso de medicamentos en el insomnio pediátrico son cruciales para la seguridad del paciente y la eficacia del tratamiento.
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