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Intervenciones actuales para el sueño de los trabajadores por turnos: una mini revisión para dar forma a un nuevo

Amber F Tout1, Nicole K Y Tang2, Tracey L Sletten3

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El trabajo por turnos altera el sueño, causando insomnio y fatiga. Las intervenciones no farmacológicas, incluida la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual para el Insomnio (TCC-i) digital, ofrecen soluciones personalizadas para los trabajadores por turnos que necesitan un mejor manejo del sueño.

Palabras clave:
intervenciónmini revisiónprevencióntrabajo por turnossueño

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia del Sueño; Salud Ocupacional; Medicina Conductual

Sus antecedentes:

  • El trabajo por turnos se asocia con alteraciones significativas del sueño, incluido el insomnio y la somnolencia diurna.
  • Los tratamientos estándar como la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual para el Insomnio (TCC-i) presentan desafíos para los trabajadores por turnos debido a los requisitos de programación rígidos.
  • Existe una clara necesidad de intervenciones especializadas y no farmacológicas para el sueño, adaptadas a las demandas únicas del trabajo por turnos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Sintetizar las intervenciones no farmacológicas existentes para el sueño de los trabajadores por turnos.
  • Identificar lagunas e informar el desarrollo de un programa preventivo y multicomponente de manejo del sueño.
  • Explorar el potencial de la TCC-i digital para el tratamiento escalable del insomnio en esta población.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó una revisión informal, siguiendo la Fase 1 del Marco para el Desarrollo y la Evaluación de Intervenciones Complejas.
  • La revisión sintetizó la literatura sobre diversas estrategias no farmacológicas destinadas a mejorar el sueño en los trabajadores por turnos.

Principales resultados:

  • Las intervenciones revisadas incluyen TCC-i, ajustes del horario de turnos, control de la exposición a la luz, educación sobre higiene del sueño, siestas planificadas, uso de cafeína y prácticas mente-cuerpo.
  • Se identificaron factores como los roles familiares, los desplazamientos y los comportamientos alimentarios como aspectos pasados por alto en las intervenciones actuales.
  • Las plataformas digitales de TCC-i muestran ser una solución accesible y rentable.

Conclusiones:

  • Las intervenciones existentes ofrecen una variedad de estrategias, pero se necesita un enfoque integral y multicomponente.
  • Las intervenciones futuras deben considerar factores más amplios del estilo de vida que afectan el sueño de los trabajadores por turnos.
  • La TCC-i digital representa una herramienta escalable y potencialmente eficaz para el manejo del insomnio en los trabajadores por turnos.