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La regularidad de los ciclos de sueño/vigilia influye en cómo el estrés moldea la función ejecutiva

Gabriel R Gilmore1, Anna L Smith2, Fallon B Dickinson1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.

Frontiers in sleep
|December 22, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los horarios de sueño constantes pueden ayudar a preservar la inhibición cognitiva bajo estrés. Los patrones regulares de sueño/vigilia se relacionaron con mejores respuestas al estrés, aunque el alto estrés con sueño regular ralentizó los tiempos de reacción en ciertas tareas.

Palabras clave:
cogniciónfunción ejecutivasueñoregularidad sueño/vigiliaestrés

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia Cognitiva
  • Ciencia del Sueño
  • Investigación del Estrés

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las funciones ejecutivas son cruciales para la vida diaria y se sabe que se ven afectadas por el sueño y el estrés.
  • Tanto la mala regulación del sueño como el estrés psicológico pueden perjudicar las funciones ejecutivas, y el estrés puede exacerbar los problemas del sueño.
  • Los aumentos recientes en el estrés y el mal sueño resaltan la necesidad de comprender sus efectos combinados en las funciones ejecutivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación entre los patrones diarios de sueño, la exposición al estrés y el rendimiento de la función ejecutiva.
  • Examinar cómo la regularidad del sueño/vigilia y los eventos de estrés agudo influyen en la inhibición cognitiva, la flexibilidad y la memoria de trabajo.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio remoto de 21 días basado en aplicaciones que involucró a 227 participantes.
  • Se realizaron evaluaciones diarias de sueño y estrés tres veces al día.
  • La función ejecutiva se evaluó utilizando la tarea de Stroop emocional, la prueba de Trail Making A/B y la amplitud de dígitos hacia atrás.

Principales resultados:

  • Los horarios regulares de sueño/vigilia se asociaron con menos eventos de estrés agudo reportados.
  • Una mayor regularidad del sueño/vigilia se correlacionó con respuestas más rápidas a estímulos negativos autorreferenciales en la tarea de Stroop.
  • Una interacción entre la variabilidad del sueño/vigilia y el estrés agudo predijo el rendimiento de Stroop emocional, con un aumento del estrés que ralentizó las respuestas en aquellos con horarios de sueño regulares.

Conclusiones:

  • La regularidad del sueño/vigilia puede desempeñar un papel protector en el mantenimiento del control inhibitorio adaptativo frente al estrés agudo acumulativo.
  • Si bien el sueño regular ayuda a la respuesta al estrés, el estrés acumulativo alto aún puede perjudicar el control inhibitorio, particularmente para tipos de estímulos específicos.
  • Las funciones ejecutivas como la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva no se vieron afectadas significativamente por el número o la intensidad de los eventos de estrés agudo en este estudio.