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Estado de fatiga y efectos de carga externa en la biomecánica del sprint de bomberos
Chuangui Mao1, Ziwen Wang1, Xinxin Zhang2
1College of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
|December 22, 2025
Resumen
El rendimiento y la biomecánica del sprint de los bomberos se ven afectados negativamente por la fatiga y las cargas externas. Las estrategias compensatorias aumentan la potencia de la cadera y el tobillo, lo que eleva los riesgos de lesiones durante las operaciones de rescate.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biomecánica
- Salud Ocupacional
- Ciencias del Deporte
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bomberos profesionales se enfrentan a tareas físicas exigentes, incluido el sprint bajo carga.
- Comprender el impacto biomecánico de la fatiga y la carga es crucial para mitigar los riesgos de lesiones en escenarios de rescate ocupacional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos biomecánicos de la fatiga y la carga en los bomberos durante el sprint.
- Identificar adaptaciones del movimiento y posibles riesgos de lesiones asociados con las demandas ocupacionales.
Principales métodos:
- Dieciséis bomberos completaron sprints de 20 metros bajo cargas variables (10-30 kg) en condiciones previas y posteriores a la fatiga.
- El análisis estadístico incluyó ANOVA de medidas repetidas de dos vías utilizando SPSS y SPM1d.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron alteraciones significativas en la velocidad de la marcha, la longitud de la zancada y el tiempo de apoyo con el aumento de la carga.
- Las cargas externas provocaron alteraciones significativas en los ángulos y momentos de flexión/extensión de la cadera, así como en los momentos del tobillo durante la fase de apoyo.
- Se notó un aumento de la activación de los músculos de la cadera, incluidos el recto abdominal y el recto femoral.
Conclusiones:
- El sprint con cargas externas afecta negativamente las métricas de la marcha de los bomberos.
- Las estrategias cinéticas compensatorias implican un aumento de la potencia de impulso de la cadera y el tobillo, particularmente de la pierna dominante.
- Estas adaptaciones, junto con una mayor activación de los músculos de la cadera, pueden contribuir a un mayor riesgo de lesiones.
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