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Necesidades de información insatisfechas y lagunas de conocimiento en pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento con
Anna K Moritz1, Wolfgang Fehrmann2, Markus K Schuler3,4
1Chair of Health Services Research, Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research, and Rehabilitation Science (IMVR), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy
|December 22, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento con quimioterapia oral (TCO) tienen necesidades de información insatisfechas y lagunas de conocimiento, particularmente en lo que respecta al uso de medicamentos y los efectos secundarios. La optimización de la educación y el apoyo al paciente es crucial para la autogestión segura y eficaz de la TCO en el hogar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología; Autogestión del paciente; Alfabetización en salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La quimioterapia oral (TCO) se utiliza cada vez más, lo que requiere sólidas habilidades de autogestión por parte del paciente.
- La información adecuada al paciente, el asesoramiento y la alfabetización sobre medicamentos son vitales para una TCO domiciliaria segura y eficaz.
- Los pacientes con cáncer requieren apoyo específico para manejar terapias orales complejas de forma independiente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar las necesidades de información insatisfechas en pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento con TCO.
- Determinar las lagunas de conocimiento relacionadas con la administración, las interacciones y los eventos adversos de la TCO.
- Informar el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas específicas para pacientes con TCO.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de contenido cualitativo de entrevistas semiestructuradas con pacientes con cáncer en tratamiento con TCO.
- Las entrevistas exploraron las experiencias de los pacientes con diversas clases de TCO, incluidas las quimioterapias, las terapias antihormonales y las terapias dirigidas.
- El análisis se centró en la identificación de temas relacionados con las necesidades de información, las lagunas de conocimiento y la concienciación sobre las necesidades.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron necesidades significativas de información relacionada con la terapia y lagunas de conocimiento en 21 pacientes con TCO entrevistados.
- Se observaron déficits en la comprensión del uso correcto de los medicamentos, las posibles interacciones y el manejo de los eventos adversos.
- Algunos pacientes informaron que evitaban activamente la información, lo que indica la necesidad de estrategias de comunicación personalizadas.
Conclusiones:
- Las necesidades y lagunas de conocimiento identificadas en los pacientes subrayan la necesidad de optimizar la información y el asesoramiento para la TCO.
- El fortalecimiento de las habilidades de autogestión del paciente y la mejora de los servicios de asesoramiento ambulatorio son esenciales para la seguridad y el éxito del tratamiento.
- Los hallazgos del estudio proporcionan una base para el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas interprofesionales para pacientes con cáncer en TCO.
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